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Cited by 159Wireless Power Transfer SystemsWireless Body Area NetworksNeuroscience and Neural Engineering

Wireless power delivery techniques for miniature implantable bioelectronics

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Singer, Amanda, Robinson, Jacob T.·2021·Advanced Healthcare Materials
DOI 10.1002/adhm.202100664PMC PMC8754427
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Abstract

Progress in implanted bioelectronic technology offers the opportunity to develop more effective tools for personalized electronic medicine. While there are numerous clinical and pre‐clinical applications for these devices, power delivery to these systems can be challenging. Wireless battery‐free devices offer advantages such as a smaller and lighter device footprint and reduced failures and infections by eliminating lead wires. However, with the development of wireless technologies, there are fundamental tradeoffs between five essential factors: power, miniaturization, depth, alignment tolerance, and transmitter distance, while still allowing devices to work within safety limits. These tradeoffs mean that multiple forms of wireless power transfer are necessary for different devices to best meet the needs for a given biological target. Here six different types of wireless power transfer technologies used in bioelectronic implants—inductive coupling, radio frequency, mid‐field, ultrasound, magnetoelectrics, and light—are reviewed in context of the five tradeoffs listed above. This core group of wireless power modalities is then used to suggest possible future bioelectronic technologies and their biological applications.

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  • Radio Frequency (RF) technology employs far-field electromagnetic waves in the MHz and GHz range to wirelessly transmit energy and data over greater distances to brain implants.

    “Radio Frequency (RF) technology employs far-field electromagnetic waves in the MHz and GHz range to wirelessly transmit energy and data over greater distances to brain implants differentiating it from the near-field magnetic fields utilized in inductive coupling and the intermediate-range operations of Midfield Transfer (MDF).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021

    The Far Field Antenna (RF) section describes radiating electromagnetic waves delivering power to implants, RF data transmission, and long-range communication. It describes GHz frequencies for far-field antennas but classifies low-MHz operation as near-field inductive coupling. It also says RF devices are best suited to shallow implants, rather than establishing the claim specifically for brain implants. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • There is a push toward developing 'smart' MDF systems equipped with real-time alignment correction capabilities to tackle alignment sensitivity.

    “To tackle the issue of alignment sensitivity, there is a push toward the development of ‘smart’ MDF systems equipped with real-time alignment correction capabilities (Singer and Robinson, 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021

    The Mid Field Inductive Coupling (MDF) section identifies alignment tolerance as a limitation and describes custom transmitter designs, but it does not describe a push for smart MDF systems with real-time alignment correction. The Far Field Antenna (RF) section mentions tracking algorithms as a possible way to mitigate misalignment, but that discussion concerns RF devices, not MDF systems. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Inductive coupling requires relatively short distances between the transmitter and receiver for optimal power transfer.

    “Inductive coupling requires relatively short distances between the transmitter and receiver for optimal power transfer (Singer and Robinson, 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021

  • An external transmitter generates RF waves, captured by an antenna connected to an internal receiver in the implant, where it is converted to electrical power.

    “An external transmitter generates these waves, captured by an antenna connected to an internal receiver in the implant, where it is converted to electrical power (Chow et al., 2013; Singer and Robinson, 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021

  • To mitigate wireless power losses, wireless systems might need increased power output, but this is constrained by safety regulations to avoid excessive heat or electromagnetic field exposure, ultimately affecting the maximum usable power for the implant.

    “To mitigate these losses, wireless systems might need increased power output, but this is constrained by safety regulations to avoid excessive heat or electromagnetic field exposure, ultimately affecting the maximum usable power for the implant (Singer and Robinson, 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021

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Authors
Singer, A., & Robinson, J. T.
Affiliations
Rice University (US)
Corresponding author
Robinson, Jacob T.
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Healthcare Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-06-10
Volume
10
Issue
17
Pages
e2100664-e2100664
ISSN
  • 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
  • 2192-2659
DOI
10.1002/adhm.202100664
PMC
PMC8754427
OpenAlex
W3172743862
Cited by
159
References
89
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 5
FWCI
1.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Rice Research Repository (Rice University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (ECCS‐2023849)
  • National Institutes of Health (1U18EB029353‐01)
  • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (FA8650‐21‐2‐7119)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Keywords
wireless power transfer, implantable bioelectronics, battery-free devices, inductive coupling, radio frequency power transfer, device miniaturization, misalignment tolerance
MeSH terms
Electronics, Miniaturization, Electric Power Supplies, Prostheses and Implants, Wireless Technology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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