A 3D Memristive Cubic Map With Dual Discrete Memristors: Design, Implementation, and Application in Image Encryption
Abstract
Discrete chaotic systems based on memristors exhibit excellent dynamical properties and are more straightforward to implement in hardware, making them highly suitable for generating cryptographic keystreams. However, most existing memristor-based chaotic systems rely on a single memristor. This paper introduces a novel discrete chaotic system employing dual memristors, named the 3D memristive cubic map with dual discrete memristors (3D-MCM). The 3D-MCM system demonstrates richer and more intricate dynamical behaviors compared to its single-memristor counterparts, as verified through bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and complexity analyses. Notably, the system exhibits coexisting attractors, substantially enhancing its dynamical complexity. Hardware implementation of the 3D-MCM attractors confirms its feasibility for industrial applications. To illustrate the system’s potential in encryption tasks, this study integrates the quaternary-based permutation and dynamic emanating diffusion (QPDED-IE) scheme with the 3D-MCM for image encryption. Experimental results demonstrate that the QPDED-IE scheme based on the 3D-MCM exhibits strong diffusion and confusion properties, effectively resisting cryptanalytic attacks.
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Chaotic systems are highly sensitive to initial conditions and exhibit pseudo-random behavior, making them well-suited for creating confusion and diffusion in image data.
“Chaotic systems are highly sensitive to initial conditions and exhibit pseudo-random behavior, making them well-suited for creating confusion and diffusion in image data.”
From Hyperchaotic fractional-order image encryption with Knight’s tour scrambling for satellite imagery (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Gao, S., Ho-Ching Iu, H., Erkan, U., Simsek, C., Toktas, A., Cao, Y., Wu, R., Mou, J., Li, Q., & Wang, C.
- Affiliations
- Dalian Polytechnic University (CN)
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University (TR)
- Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkiye
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
- Qilu University of Technology (CN)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
- Published
- 2025-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 7706-7718
- ISSN
- 1051-8215 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2205
- OpenAlex
- W4407948341
- Semantic Scholar
- f042f07247a3fa8fb0b49202b08488dd33b3b7da
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 132 · 2025: 118
- FWCI
- 87.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Basic Scientific Research Projects in the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (LJ212410152049)
- Technological Innovation Projects in the field of artificial intelligence in Liaoning (2023JH26/10300011)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Chaos control and synchronization
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
- Keywords
- discrete-time chaotic systems, image encryption, coexisting attractors, hardware implementation, confusion and diffusion, cryptanalysis resistance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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