Cited by 152Security and Verification in ComputingVirtual Reality Applications and ImpactsInformation and Cyber Security

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Immersive Virtual Reality Attacks and the Human Joystick

Casey, Peter, Baggili, Ibrahim, Yarramreddy, Ananya·2021·IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

DOI 10.1109/tdsc.2019.2907942

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Abstract

This is one of the first accounts for the security analysis of consumer immersive Virtual Reality (VR) systems. This work breaks new ground, coins new terms, and constructs proof of concept implementations of attacks related to immersive VR. Our work used the two most widely adopted immersive VR systems, the HTC Vive, and the Oculus Rift. More specifically, we were able to create attacks that can potentially disorient users, turn their Head Mounted Display (HMD) camera on without their knowledge, overlay images in their field of vision, and modify VR environmental factors that force them into hitting physical objects and walls. Finally, we illustrate through a human participant deception study the success of being able to exploit VR systems to control immersed users and move them to a location in physical space without their knowledge. We term this the Human Joystick Attack. We conclude our work with future research directions and ways to enhance the security of these systems.

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Authors: Casey, P., Baggili, I., & Yarramreddy, A.
Affiliations: University of New Haven (US)
ORCID: Casey, Peter
Baggili, Ibrahim
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published: 2021-03-01
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Pages: 550-562
ISSN: 1545-5971 (ISSN-L)
1941-0018
2160-9209
DOI: 10.1109/tdsc.2019.2907942
OpenAlex: W2933955319
Cited by: 149
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7
FWCI: 3.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (am)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
Locations: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - New Heaven (University of New Haven) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (1748950)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Security and Verification in Computing
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
Keywords: head-mounted displays, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, user disorientation

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Immersive Virtual Reality Attacks and the Human Joystick

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