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Cited by 52Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsInnovative Human-Technology InteractionMemory Processes and Influences

Memory Manipulations in Extended Reality

Open access
Bonnail, Elise, Tseng, Wen-Jie, Mcgill, Mark, Lecolinet, Eric, Huron, Samuel, Gugenheimer, Jan·2023·Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DOI 10.1145/3544548.3580988
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Abstract

Human memory has notable limitations (e.g., forgetting) which have necessitated a variety of memory aids (e.g., calendars). As we grow closer to mass adoption of everyday Extended Reality (XR), which is frequently leveraging perceptual limitations (e.g., redirected walking), it becomes pertinent to consider how XR could leverage memory limitations (forgetting, distorting, persistence) to induce memory manipulations. As memories highly impact our self-perception, social interactions, and behaviors, there is a pressing need to understand XR Memory Manipulations (XRMMs). We ran three speculative design workshops (n=12), with XR and memory researchers creating 48 XRMM scenarios. Through thematic analysis, we define XRMMs, present a framework of their core components and reveal three classes (at encoding, pre-retrieval, at retrieval). Each class differs in terms of technology (AR, VR) and impact on memory (influencing quality of memories, inducing forgetting, distorting memories). We raise ethical concerns and discuss opportunities of perceptual and memory manipulations in XR.

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  • Disrupting bodily self-consciousness in a virtual reality experience affects spatial and perceptual memory but also the subjective sense of remembering.

    “Disrupting bodily selfconsciousness in a virtual reality experience affects spatial and perceptual memory but also the subjective sense of remembering (Penaud et al., 2023, 2022) Bonnail et al. (2023).”

    From Mediating memory through immersive technologies and artificial intelligence: revisiting individual and collectively co-created pasts and futures (2026) · cites this paper as Bonnail et al. (2023)

    The Introduction and §3.4 say that embodiment in VR can enhance episodic memory encoding and retrieval, while §7.3.2 discusses how perceptual and spatial cues may influence whether an experience is remembered as real or virtual. These passages support a general connection between embodiment and memory, but do not establish that disrupting bodily self-consciousness affects spatial and perceptual memory or the subjective sense of remembering. (LLM, conf=0.77)

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  • XR's capacity to leverage perceptual richness renders it a potential instrument for XR Memory Manipulations (XRMMs)-deliberate or inadvertent interventions in encoding, consolidation, and retrieval that can distort, suppress, or artificially strengthen personal memories.

    “Bonnail et al. (2023).argue XR's capacity to leverage perceptual richness also renders it a potential instrument for what they term XR Memory Manipulations (XRMMs)deliberate or inadvertent interventions in encoding, consolidation, and retrieval that can distort, suppress, or artificially strengthen personal memories.”

    From Mediating memory through immersive technologies and artificial intelligence: revisiting individual and collectively co-created pasts and futures (2026) · cites this paper as Bonnail et al. (2023)

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Kaiming Cheng, Jefery F Tian, Tadayoshi Kohno, and Franziska Roesner. 2023. Exploring User Reactions and Mental Models Towards Perceptual Manipulation Attacks in Mixed Reality. USENIX Security 2023 (2023), 18.
  2. Doron Friedman, Rodrigo Pizarro, Keren Or-Berkers, Solène Neyret, Xueni Pan, and Mel Slater. 2014. A Method for Generating an Illusion of Backwards Time Travel Using Immersive Virtual Reality-an Exploratory Study. Frontiers in psychology 5 (2014), 943.
  3. Eric L. G. Legge, Christopher R. Madan, Enoch T. Ng, and Jeremy B. Caplan. 2012. Building a Memory Palace in Minutes: Equivalent Memory Performance Using Virtual versus Conventional Environments with the Method of Loci. Acta Psychologica 141, 3 (Nov. 2012), 380-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2012. 09.002 · DOI
  4. Franziska Roesner and Tadayoshi Kohno. 2021. Security and Privacy for Aug- mented Reality: Our 10-Year Retrospective. In VR4Sec: 1st International Workshop on Security for XR and XR for Security.

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Related

Authors
Bonnail, E., Tseng, W.-J., Mcgill, M., Lecolinet, E., Huron, S., & Gugenheimer, J.
Affiliations
  • Télécom Paris (FR)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • LTCI, INFRES, Telecom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher
ACM
Published
2023-04-19
Pages
1-20
DOI
10.1145/3544548.3580988
OpenAlex
W4362679484
Cited by
51
References
133
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 3
FWCI
11.83
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations
  • CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-21-ESRE-0030)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
extended reality, memory manipulation, forgetting, memory distortion, memory persistence, augmented reality, virtual reality, speculative design, ethical considerations, memory encoding, memory retrieval, self-perception

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