Cited by 3,118Electric Vehicles and InfrastructureElectric and Hybrid Vehicle TechnologiesWireless Power Transfer Systems

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Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Yilmaz, Murat, Krein, Philip T.·2013·IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

DOI 10.1109/tpel.2012.2212917

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Abstract

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.

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Authors: Yilmaz, M., & Krein, P. T.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published: 2013-05
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Pages: 2151-2169
ISSN: 0885-8993 (ISSN-L)
1941-0107
DOI: 10.1109/tpel.2012.2212917
OpenAlex: W2019769688
Cited by: 3,118
References: 157
Citations by year: 2026: 151 · 2025: 246 · 2024: 274 · 2023: 287 · 2022: 291 · 2021: 286 · 2020: 294 · 2019: 292 · 2018: 260 · 2017: 196 · 2016: 199 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 59
FWCI: 69.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (publishedVersion)
Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Keywords: battery charger, plug-in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, charging infrastructure, off-board charger, on-board charger, bidirectional charging, inductive charging, conductive charging, Level 2 charging, charging time, charging cost

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Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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