The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Applicability of solid-state transformers in today's and future distribution grids
Abstract
Solid-state transformers (SSTs) are power electronic converters that provide isolation between a medium-voltage and a low-voltage (LV) system using medium-frequency transformers. The power electronic stages enable full-range control of the terminal voltages and currents and hence of the active and reactive power flows. Thus, SSTs are envisioned as key components of a smart grid. Various SST concepts have been proposed and analyzed in literature concerning technical aspects. However, several issues could potentially limit the applicability of SSTs in distribution grids. Therefore, this paper discusses four essential challenges in detail. It is found that SSTs are less efficient than low-frequency transformers (LFTs), yet their prospective prices are significantly higher. Furthermore, SSTs are not compatible with the protection schemes employed in today's LV grids, i.e., they are not drop-in replacements for LFTs. The limited voltage control range typically required in distribution grids can be provided by competing solutions, which do not involve power electronics (e.g., LFTs with tap changers), or by hybrid transformers, where the comparably inefficient power electronic stage processes only a fraction of the total power. Finally, potential application scenarios of SSTs (ac-dc, dc-dc, weight/space limited applications) are discussed. All considerations are distilled into an applicability flowchart for SST technology.
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“In addition, the reverse electric field and reversal moment of voltage polarity increase PD phenomenon [158].”
From State of the Art of Solid-State Transformers: Advanced Topologies, Implementation Issues, Recent Progress and Improvements (2020) · cites this paper as [158]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Extreme Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Technology Overview
Tu, H., Feng, H., Srdic, S., & Lukic, S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2019.2958709 · Cited by 898
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“It is not easy to implement such adaptions in the existing distribution grids and would be costly to do so [159].”
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Grid-Connected Energy Storage Systems: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Technologies
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Metadata
- Authors
- Huber, J. E., & Kolar, J. W.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 317-326
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W2744051429
- Cited by
- 506
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 40
- FWCI
- 12.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems
- Keywords
- solid-state transformer, distribution networks, medium frequency transformer, power converters, low-frequency transformers, tap changers, hybrid transformer, voltage regulation, power flow control, protection schemes, smart grid, efficiency, applicability assessment
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