Impact of electric vehicles on power distribution networks
Abstract
The market for battery powered and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is currently limited, but this is expected to grow rapidly with the increased concern about the environment and advances in technology. Due to their high energy capacity, mass deployment of electrical vehicles will have significant impact on power networks. This impact will dictate the design of the electric vehicle interface devices and the way future power networks will be designed and controlled. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on existing power distribution networks. Evaluation of supply/demand matching and potential violations of statutory voltage limits, power quality and imbalance are presented.
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The fluctuating output patterns of single-phase DG and the irregularity of EV charging patterns aggravate voltage unbalance.
“The fluctuating characteristic output patterns of single-phase DG and the irregularity of EV charging patterns [1,2] aggravated the voltage unbalance.”
From Adaptive Volt–Var Control in Smart PV Inverter for Mitigating Voltage Unbalance at PCC Using Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the low-voltage grid, if residential EV charging coincides with high electricity demand from other household loads, the total demand can cause issues related to thermal capacity or voltage regulations.
“In the low-voltage grid, if the residential charging of EVs coincides with high electricity demand from other household loads, there is a risk that the total demand can cause issues related to thermal capacity or voltage regulations in electricity distribution systems [12,13].”
From A large-scale high-resolution geographic analysis of impacts of electric vehicle charging on low-voltage grids (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
An increase of 10% in EV numbers has the potential to increase the peak load by 18% due to residential Level 1 AC uncontrolled charging.
“In reference [63], a simulation-based study concluded that an increase of 10% in EV numbers has the potential to increase the peak load by 18% due to residential Level 1 AC uncontrolled charging.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [63]
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“More recent work in this area has sought to investigate the limitations from large numbers of EVs on network infrastructure in terms of increased loading, impacts on efficiency, and loss of life for network assets [6]–[10].”
BackgroundImpact of electric vehicle charging station load on distribution network
Deb, S., Tammi, K., Kalita, K., & Mahanta, P. (2018) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en11010178 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
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Richardson, P., Flynn, D., & Keane, A. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2185523 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
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Electric vehicles charging control in a smart grid: A model predictive control approach
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Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
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Impact of Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging on Unbalanced Suburban Low-Voltage Networks
Panagi, S., Therapontos, P., Spanias, C., & Aristidou, P. (2025) · 2025 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe) · doi:10.1109/isgteurope64741.2025.11305421 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Putrus, G. A., Suwanapingkarl, P., Johnston, D., Bentley, E. C., & Narayana, M.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Venue
- 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2009-09
- Pages
- 827-831
- OpenAlex
- W2159694944
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 28.25
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Keywords
- electric vehicles, power distribution networks, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, supply-demand matching, voltage constraints, power quality, load imbalance, power network design
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