The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
REVIEW: Do Polycultures Promote Win-Wins or Trade-Offs in Agricultural Ecosystem Services? A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Agriculture comprises the largest global land use, makes it a leading cause of habitat loss. It is therefore critical to identify how to best construct agricultural systems that can simultaneously provide food and other ecosystem services. This challenge requires that we determine how to maximize win‐win relationships and minimize trade‐offs between services. Through meta‐analysis, we tested whether within‐field crop diversification (polyculture) can lead to win‐win relationships between two ecosystem services: yield of a focal crop species and biocontrol of crop pests. We selected only studies that recorded both services (N = 26 studies; 301 observations), allowing us to better determine the underlying mechanisms of our principal findings. We calculated log‐response ratios for both ecosystem services in mono‐ and polycultures. We found win‐win relationships between per‐plant yield of the primary crop and biocontrol in polyculture systems that minimized intraspecific competition via substitutive planting. Additionally, we found beneficial effects on biocontrol with no difference in per‐unit area yield of the primary crop in polyculture fields at high cropping densities (additive planting) where legumes were used as the secondary crop. These results suggest that there is a strong potential for win‐win relationships between biocontrol and per‐unit area yield under certain scenarios. Our findings were consistent across geographical regions and by type of primary crop. We did not find evidence that biocontrol had an effect on yield, but rather, both were independently affected by polycultural cropping. Synthesis and applications. We show that well‐designed polycultures can produce win‐win outcomes between per‐plant, and potentially per‐unit area, primary crop yield and biocontrol. Biocontrol services are consistently enhanced in polycultures, so polyculture management that focuses on yield optimization is likely to be the best strategy for maximizing both services. In doing so, we suggest that practitioners utilize polycultures that decrease plant–plant competition through a substitution of relatively large quantities of the primary crop for compatibly harvestable secondary crops. Additionally, if planting at high cropping densities, it is important that legumes be the secondary crop.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This knowledge is limited by existing data and performance measures predominantly focused on single crops, rather than complete rotations.”
From An Actor-Oriented Multi-Criteria Assessment Framework to Support a Transition towards Sustainable Agricultural Systems Based on Crop Diversification (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387253a0 · Cited by 22,585
Global Consequences of Land Use
Foley, J. A., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S. R., Chapin, F. S., Coe, M. T., Daily, G. C., Gibbs, H. K., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1111772 · Cited by 13,272
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Solutions for a cultivated planet
Foley, J. A., Ramankutty, N., Brauman, K. A., Cassidy, E. S., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M., Mueller, N. D., O’Connell, C., Ray, D. K., West, P. C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10452 · Cited by 8,476
Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture
Tilman, D., Balzer, C., Hill, J., & Befort, B. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116437108 · Cited by 7,692
Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
Cardinale, B. J., Duffy, J. E., Gonzalez, A., Hooper, D. U., Perrings, C., Venail, P., Narwani, A., Mace, G. M., Tilman, D., Wardle, D. A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11148 · Cited by 7,457 · cited 1×
“Building upon the work of others (Poveda, Gomez & Martinez 2008; Power 2010; Letourneau et al. 2011; Cardinale et al. 2012; Kremen & Miles 2012), this is the first synthesis study, to the best of our knowledge, to directly assess how biocontrol and yield are simultaneously affected by polycultural cropping.”
Self-citationThe meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology
Hedges, L. V., Gurevitch, J., & Curtis, P. S. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:tmaorr]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 4,704
Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming
Maeder, P., Fließbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. M., & Niggli, U. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071148 · Cited by 3,045
Root, R. B. (1973) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1942161 · Cited by 3,023
Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies
Power, A. G. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0143 · Cited by 2,334
Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature
Green, R. E., Cornell, S. J., Scharlemann, J. P. W., & Balmford, A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106049 · Cited by 2,238
Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification
Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Wanger, T. C., Jackson, L., Motzke, I., Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J. H., & Whitbread, A. M. (2012) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.068 · Cited by 2,229
Self-citationFarming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000
Ramankutty, N., Evan, A. T., Monfreda, C., & Foley, J. A. (2008) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2007gb002952 · Cited by 1,942
The Economic Value of Ecological Services Provided by Insects
LOSEY, J. E., & VAUGHAN, M. (2006) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[311:tevoes]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,942
Vandermeer, J. H. (1989) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623523 · Cited by 1,795
Vegetational Diversity And Arthropod Population Response
Andow, D. A. (1991) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.003021 · Cited by 1,429
Tilman, D. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.5995 · Cited by 1,406
Rosenberg, M. S. (2005) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01004.x · Cited by 1,285 · cited 2×
“non-significant or small-negative-result studies, we tested our results for this publication bias by calculating Rosenthal’s failsafe value (Rosenthal 1979) using the Fail-safe Number Calculator (Rosenberg 2005).”
MethodKennedy, C. M., Lonsdorf, E., Neel, M. C., Williams, N. M., Ricketts, T. H., Winfree, R., Bommarco, R., Brittain, C., Burley, A. L., Cariveau, D., et al. (2013) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.12082 · Cited by 1,255
Kremen, C., & Miles, A. (2012) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-05035-170440 · Cited by 1,126
Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review
Letourneau, D. K., Armbrecht, I., Rivera, B. S., Lerma, J. M., Carmona, E. J., Daza, M. C., Escobar, S., Galindo, V., Gutiérrez, C., López, S. D., et al. (2011) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/09-2026.1 · Cited by 888
Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Agroecosystems
Perfecto, I., & Vandermeer, J. H. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1439.011 · Cited by 626
Self-citationBiomass Productivity of Mixtures
Trenbath, B. R. (1974) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60871-8 · Cited by 608
Steffan-Dewenter, I. D., Kessler, M., Barkmann, J., Bos, M. M., Buchori, D., Erasmi, S., Faust, H., Gerold, G., Glenk, K., Gradstein, S. R., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608409104 · Cited by 540
Holzschuh, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I. D., Kleijn, D., & Tscharntke, T. (2006) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01259.x · Cited by 527
World agriculture and the environment: a commodity-by-commodity guide to impacts and practices
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-1539 · Cited by 393
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Health Synthesis
Corvalan, C. F., Hales, S., McMichael, A. J., Butler, C. D., Campbell-Lendrum, D. H., Confalonieri, U., Leitner, K., Lewis, N. S., Patz, J., Polson, K. A., et al. (2005) · Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) · Cited by 389
Minimising the harm to biodiversity of producing more food globally
Phalan, B., Balmford, A. P., Green, R. E., & Scharlemann, J. P. W. (2011) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.008 · Cited by 317
Patra, P. K., Law, R. M., Peters, W., Rödenbeck, C., Takigawa, M., Aulagnier, C., Baker, I., Bergmann, D., Bousquet, P., Brandt, J. G., et al. (2008) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2007gb003081 · Cited by 309
Biodiversity and pest management in orchard systems. A review
Simon, S., Bouvier, J., Debras, J. F., & Sauphanor, B. (2009) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1051/agro/2009013 · Cited by 261
Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J., & Wright, A. (2009) · doi:10.4324/9781849770132 · Cited by 252
Self-citationASSOCIATIONAL RESISTANCE: INSECT DAMAGE TO PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE REDUCED IN THICKETS OF SWEET GALE
Hambäck, P. A., Ågren, J., & Ericson, L. (2000) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1784:aridtp]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 205
Sustainability and Landscape Multifunctionality
Gliessman, S. R. (2011) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.14 · Cited by 196
Law, R., & Watkinson, A. R. (1987) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2260211 · Cited by 184
Diversification Practices: Their Effect on Pest Regulation and Production
Poveda, K., Gómez, M. I., & Martínez, E. (2008) · Revista Colombiana de Entomología · doi:10.25100/socolen.v34i2.9269 · Cited by 159
Conservation: Limits of Land Sparing
Fischer, J., Batáry, P., Bawa, K. S., Brussaard, L., Chappell, M. J., Clough, Y., Daily, G. C., Dorrough, J. W., Hartel, T., Jackson, L. E., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a · Cited by 140
Self-citationSekamatte, B., Ogenga-Latigo, M. W., & Russell‐Smith, A. (2002) · Crop Protection · doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00115-1 · Cited by 107
Incidence of pests and arthropod natural enemies in zucchini grown with living mulches
Hooks, C. R. R., Valenzuela, H. R., & Defrank, J. (1998) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(98)00110-8 · Cited by 94
Schellhorn, N. A., & Sork, V. L. (1997) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420050230 · Cited by 93
Picasso, V., Brummer, E. C., Liebman, M., Dixon, P. M., & Wilsey, B. J. (2011) · Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems · doi:10.1017/s1742170511000135 · Cited by 88
The Green Revolution Revisited: Critique and Alternatives
Farmer, B. H., & Glaeser, B. (1987) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.2307/633694 · Cited by 72
Chabi‐Olaye, A., Nolte, C., Schulthess, F., & Borgemeister, C. (2005) · Bulletin of Entomological Research · doi:10.1079/ber2005373 · Cited by 62
Showler, A. T., & Greenberg, S. M. (2003) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/0046-225x-32.1.39 · Cited by 58
Schader, C., Zaller, J. G., & Köpke, U. (2005) · Biological Agriculture & Horticulture · doi:10.1080/01448765.2005.9755308 · Cited by 55
Effect of intercrops on thrips species composition and population abundance on French beans in Kenya
Nyasani, J. O., Meyhöfer, R., Subramanian, S., & Poehling, H. (2012) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01217.x · Cited by 54
Skelton, L. E., & Barrett, G. W. (2005) · Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems · doi:10.1079/raf200478 · Cited by 48
Hooks, C. R. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2004) · International Journal of Pest Management · doi:10.1080/09670870410001663462 · Cited by 47
Song, B., Zhang, J., Wiggins, N., Yuncong, Y., Guangbo, T., & Sang, X. (2012) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/en12053 · Cited by 45
Arim, O. J., Waceke, J. W., Waudo, S. W., & Kimenju, J. W. (2006) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-006-0053-9 · Cited by 44
Nabirye, J., Nampala, P., Ogenga-Latigo, M. W., Kyamanywa, S., Wilson, H. R., Odeke, V., Iceduna, C., & Adipala, E. (2002) · Crop Protection · doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00094-7 · Cited by 44
Effects of uncultivated corridors on arthropod abundances and crop yields in soybean agroecosystems
Rodenhouse, N. L., Barrett, G. W., Zimmerman, D. M., & Kemp, J. C. (1992) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(92)90143-y · Cited by 40
Associational Resistance in Squash Monocultures and Polycultures in Tropical Mexico
Letourneau, D. K. (1986) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/15.2.285 · Cited by 40
Arthropod populations, yield and damage in monocultures and polycultures of corn, beans and tomatoes
Nordlund, D. A., Chalfant, R. B., & LEWIS, W. J. (1984) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(84)90007-0 · Cited by 37
Influence of Maize/Lablab Intercropping on Lepidopterous Stem Borer Infestation in Maize
Maluleke, M. H., Addo‐Bediako, A., & Ayisi, K. K. (2005) · Journal of Economic Entomology · doi:10.1093/jee/98.2.384 · Cited by 37
Benefits of a maize–bean–weeds mixed cropping system in Urubamba Valley, Peruvian Andes
Gianoli, E., Ramos, I., Alfaro-Tapia, A., Tejeira, Y. V., Echegaray, E. R., & Yábar-Landa, E. (2006) · International Journal of Pest Management · doi:10.1080/09670870600796722 · Cited by 34
Ramalho, F. S., Fernandes, F. S., do Nascimento, A. R. B., Júnior, J. L. N., Malaquias, J. B., & Silva, C. (2012) · Annals of the Entomological Society of America · doi:10.1603/an11122 · Cited by 33
Canola–Wheat Intercrops for Improved Agronomic Performance and Integrated Pest Management
Hummel, J. D., Dosdall, L. M., Clayton, G. W., Turkington, T. K., Lupwayi, N. Z., Harker, K. N., & O’Donovan, J. T. (2009) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0032 · Cited by 30
OGOL, C. K. P. O. (1999) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00077-8 · Cited by 29
Development and Validation of a Spatially Explicit Individual-based Mixed Crop Growth Model
García‐Barrios, L. (2001) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1006/bulm.2000.0226 · Cited by 26
The Role of Biodiversity in Tropical Managed Ecosystems
Power, A. G., & Flecker, A. S. (1996) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79755-2_9 · Cited by 25
Weiss, M. J., Schatz, B. G., Gardner, J. C., & Nead, B. A. (1994) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/23.3.654 · Cited by 24
Belay, D. K., Schulthess, F., & Omwega, C. O. (2008) · Phytoparasitica · doi:10.1007/s12600-008-0002-7 · Cited by 21
Lenardis, A. E., Morvillo, C. M., Gil, A., & de la Fuente, E. B. (2011) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.12.001 · Cited by 18
Effect of wild grasses planted as border rows on stemborer infestations in maize in Uganda)
Matama-Kauma, T., Schulthess, F., Mueke, J. M., Omwega, C. O., & Ogwang, J. A. (2006) · Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N S ) · doi:10.1080/00379271.2006.10697479 · Cited by 17
Williams, C. E., Pavuk, D. M., Taylor, D. H., & Martin, T. H. (1995) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/24.2.253 · Cited by 9
Impact of crop-crop diversity on pod-borer (Helicoverpa armigera) of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Rao, M. S., Rao, C. A. R., Vani, G. S., & Anjaiah, E. (2007) · The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Trenbath B., 1974, Advances in Agronomy, 177
- Villamajor F., 1976, Relations of cotton yield to insect infestation, plant diversification, fertilization, and pesticide application, Kalikasan, 5, 175
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Agricultural diversification promotes multiple ecosystem services without compromising yield
Tamburini, G., Bommarco, R., Wanger, T. C., Kremen, C., van der Heijden, M. G. A., Liebman, M., & Hallin, S. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba1715 · Cited by 1,110
Trends in Global Agricultural Land Use: Implications for Environmental Health and Food Security
Ramankutty, N., Mehrabi, Z., Waha, K., Jarvis, L., Kremen, C., Herrero, M., & Rieseberg, L. H. (2018) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040256 · Cited by 954
Duchêne, O., Vian, J.-F., & Celette, F. (2017) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.019 · Cited by 732
Designing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity-based ecosystem services
Landis, D. A. (2017) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2016.07.005 · Cited by 704
Benefits of increasing plant diversity in sustainable agroecosystems
Isbell, F., Adler, P. R., Eisenhauer, N., Fornara, D. A., Kimmel, K. A., Kremen, C., Letourneau, D. K., Liebman, M., Polley, H. W., Quijas, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12789 · Cited by 695
Metadata
- Authors
- Iverson, A. L., Marín, L. E., Ennis, K. K., Gonthier, D. J., Connor‐Barrie, B. T., Remfert, J. L., Cardinale, B. J., & Perfecto, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Corresponding author
- Iverson, Aaron L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-03
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1593-1602
- ISSN
- 0021-8901 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2664
- OpenAlex
- W2016683789
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 23.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NSF (1050680)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Keywords
- polyculture, crop diversification, ecosystem services, biological control, crop yield, win-win relationships, trade-offs, intraspecific competition, Fabaceae, secondary crops, agroecology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
