Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000
Open accessAbstract
Agricultural activities have dramatically altered our planet's land surface. To understand the extent and spatial distribution of these changes, we have developed a new global data set of croplands and pastures circa 2000 by combining agricultural inventory data and satellite‐derived land cover data. The agricultural inventory data, with much greater spatial detail than previously available, is used to train a land cover classification data set obtained by merging two different satellite‐derived products (Boston University's MODIS‐derived land cover product and the GLC2000 data set). Our data are presented at 5 min (∼10 km) spatial resolution in longitude by longitude, have greater accuracy than previously available, and for the first time include statistical confidence intervals on the estimates. According to the data, there were 15.0 (90% confidence range of 12.2–17.1) million km 2 of cropland (12% of the Earth's ice‐free land surface) and 28.0 (90% confidence range of 23.6–30.0) million km 2 of pasture (22%) in the year 2000.
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The extent of permanent pastures and meadows spans 28 to 34 Mkm2, including extensively used natural grasslands, intensively managed pastures and meadows established in natural grassland areas, and grassland established after deforestation.
“The extent of permanent pastures and meadows, the key category for which global statistical data are available (http://faostat.fao.org;any grazing land used for more than five consecutive years), spans 28 (33) to 34 Mkm², including extensively used natural grasslands (Section 2.2), intensively managed pastures and meadows established in natural grassland areas, as well as grassland that was estab”
From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Section 4.1 (§32) estimates 28.0 million km² of pasture and reports FAOSTAT’s 34.4 million km²; section 2.2 (§12) defines permanent pasture to include cultivated and wild forage land. Section 4.2 (§36) describes pasture replacing grasslands and forests. But the Discussion (§45) says the pasture data reveal nothing about grazing intensity, so the claim that pastures established in natural grassland areas are intensively managed is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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“Monfreda et al (2008) integrate the best available agricultural statistics gathered at the county, state, and country level with a recent map of global croplands (Ramankutty et al 2008) to depict crop areas and yields circa the year 2000 on a 5 min × 5 min (∼10 km × 10 km) latitude–longitude grid.”
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- Authors
- Ramankutty, N., Evan, A. T., Monfreda, C., & Foley, J. A.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2008-01-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0886-6236 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9224
- OpenAlex
- W1838764073
- Cited by
- 1,942
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 119 · 2016: 145 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 88
- FWCI
- 55.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Wageningen University and Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Keywords
- cropland extent, land cover classification, MODIS land cover, GLC2000, land surface change, confidence intervals
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