Cited by 175Face Recognition and PerceptionMemory and Neural MechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Expression Without Recognition: Contributions of the Human Amygdala to Emotional Communication

Anderson, Adam K., Phelps, Elizabeth A.·2000·Psychological Science

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A growing body of evidence from humans and other animals suggests the amygdala may be a critical neural substrate for emotional processing. In particular, recent studies have shown that damage to the human amygdala impairs the normal appraisal of social signals of emotion, primarily those of fear. However, effective social communication depends on both the ability to receive (emotional appraisal) and the ability to send (emotional expression) signals of emotional state. Although the role of the amygdala in the appraisal of emotion is well established, its importance for the production of emotional expressions is unknown. We report a case study of a patient with bilateral amygdaloid damage who, despite a severe deficit in interpreting facial expressions of emotion including fear, exhibits an intact ability to express this and other basic emotions. This dissociation suggests that a single neural module does not support all aspects of the social communication of emotional state.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/1467-9280.00224

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

An argument for basic emotions
Ekman, P. (1992) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411068 · Cited by 9,646
Pictures of Facial Affect
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
Untitled work
(1996) · Cited by 3,692
Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372669a0 · Cited by 2,360
A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions
Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383812a0 · Cited by 2,013
Vocal affect expression: A review and a model for future research.
Scherer, K. R. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.143 · Cited by 1,826
Response and Habituation of the Human Amygdala during Visual Processing of Facial Expression
Breiter, H. C., Etcoff, N. L., Whalen, P. J., Kennedy, W. A., Rauch, S. L., Buckner, R. L., Strauss, M. M., Hyman, S. E., & Rosen, B. R. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80219-6 · Cited by 1,711
The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style
Davidson, R. J., & Irwin, W. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01265-0 · Cited by 1,684
Approach-withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: Emotional expression and brain physiology: I.
Davidson, R. J., Ekman, P., Saron, C. D., Senulis, J. A., & Friesen, W. V. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.330 · Cited by 1,684
Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory.
Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01214-9 · Cited by 1,575

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 45 references

2 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Anderson A.K., 1996, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 22, 1866
Kling A.S., 1992, The amygdala, 353
10.1037/0021-843X.93.4.355 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–175 of 175

Understanding and accounting for relational context is critical for social neuroscience
Clark‐Polner, E., & Clark, M. S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00127 · Cited by 26
Emotion
Davis, M., & Lang, P. J. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0315 · Cited by 22
The role of sub-cortical brain structures in emotion recognition
Yip, J. T. H., Leung, K.-K., Li, L. S. W., & Lee, T. M. C. (2004) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050410001719916 · Cited by 21
Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music in patients with temporal lobe resection
Dellacherie, D., Bigand, E., Molin, P., Baulac, M., & Samson, S. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.05.007 · Cited by 26
Neural Correlates of Biased Responses: The Negative Method Effect in the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale Is Associated with Right Amygdala Volume
Wang, Y., Kong, F., Huang, L., & Jia Liu, B. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12185 · Cited by 20
Affect, Attention, and Automation
Lee, J. D. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305722.003.0006 · Cited by 20
Sobrealimentación Inducida por la Ansiedad, Parte II: Un Marco de Referencia Neurocientífico para el Desarrollo de Técnicas Psicoterapéuticas y Programas de Prevención
Silva, J. R. (2008) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082008000100009 · Cited by 21
Production of spontaneous and posed facial expressions in patients with Huntington's disease: Impaired communication of disgust
Hayes, C. J., Stevenson, R. J., & Coltheart, M. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930801949090 · Cited by 20
Objective and Subjective Measurements in Affective Science
Gardhouse, K., & Anderson, A. K. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511843716.005 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Effect of short-term escitalopram treatment on neural activation during emotional processing
Maron, E., Wall, M. B., Norbury, R., Godlewska, B. R., Terbeck, S., Cowen, P. J., Matthews, P. M., & Nutt, D. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115620462 · Cited by 19
Understanding the Neurobiology of Emotional Intelligence: A Review
Tarasuik, J. C., Ciorciari, J., & Stough, C. K. K. (2009) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88370-0_16 · Cited by 17
Increased freezing and decreased positive affect in postinstitutionalized children
Stellern, S. A., Esposito, E. A., Mliner, S. B., Pears, K. C., & Gunnar, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12123 · Cited by 15
Perceived Eye Region and the Processing of Fearful Expressions in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients
Richard‐Mornas, A., Borg, C., Klein, Y., Paignon, A., Hot, P., & Thomas-Antérion, C. (2012) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000336599 · Cited by 15
Recognition of Emotional Face Expressions and Amygdala Pathology
Cristinzio, C., Sander, D., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2007) · Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) · Cited by 14
Neuropsicología de la percepción y la expresión facial de emociones: Estudios con niños y primates no humanos
Loeches, Á., Carvajal, F., Serrano, J. M., & Fernàndez‐Carriba, S. (2004) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 14
Fear, learning, and the amygdala: a personal reflection in honor of Joseph LeDoux
LaBar, K. S. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae394 · Cited by 13
Attentional Bias in Psychopathy
Edalati, H., Walsh, Z., & Kosson, D. S. (2015) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x15577791 · Cited by 13
Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Existential Psychotherapy and Supportive Counselling on Facial Emotion Recognition Among Patients with Mild or Moderate Depression
Yılmaz, O., MIRÇIK, A. B., Kunduz, M., ÇOMBAŞ, M., Öztürk, A., Deveci, E., & Kırpınar, İ. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2019.03.14 · Cited by 14
Bilateral amygdala damage linked to impaired ability to predict others' fear but preserved moral judgements about causing others fear
Cardinale, E. M., Reber, J., O’Connell, K., Turkeltaub, P. E., Tranel, D., Buchanan, T. W., & Marsh, A. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2651 · Cited by 12
Childhood Abuse, Body Shame, and Addictive Plastic Surgery
Constantian, M. B. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315657721 · Cited by 12
Fear and Memory: A View of the Hippocampus Through the Lens of the Amygdala
Blair, H. T., & Fanselow, M. S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1292-2_17 · Cited by 12
Les visages et leurs émotions
Krolak‐Salmon, P., Hénaff, M., Bertrand, O., Vighetto, A., & Mauguı̀ere, F. (2006) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/s0035-3787(06)75117-7 · Cited by 11
Pain perception as hierarchical Bayesian inference: A test case for the theory of constructed emotion
Poublan‐Couzardot, A., & Talmi, D. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15141 · Cited by 14
The beginning of an alternative view of the neurobiology of emotion
Mendoza, S. P., & Ruys, J. D. (2001) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/053901801040001003 · Cited by 10
Automatic activation of positive but not negative attitudes after traumatic brain injury
Park, N. W., Conrod, B., Rewilak, D., Kwon, C., Gao, F., & Black, S. E. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00101-9 · Cited by 10
Sequential ordering of morphed faces and facial expressions following temporal lobe damage
Graham, R., Devinsky, O., & LaBar, K. S. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.12.010 · Cited by 10
Synthetic vs Human Emotional Faces: What Changes in Humans’ Decoding Accuracy
Amorese, T., Cuciniello, M., Vinciarelli, A., Cordasco, G., & Esposito, A. A. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/thms.2021.3129714 · Cited by 9
Investigative interviewing and the detection of deception
Frank, M. G., Yarbrough, J. D., & Ekman, P. (2013) · Willan eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781843926337-22 · Cited by 9
The Limbic System: Temporal Lobe, Prefrontal Cortex, and Learning, Memory, and Emotions
Jacobson, S., Pugsley, S., & Marcus, E. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41816-7_16 · Cited by 8
Revisiting emotion recognition in different types of temporal lobe epilepsy: The influence of facial expression intensity
Nineuil, C., Houot, M., Dellacherie, D., Méré, M., Denos, M., Dupont, S., & Samson, S. (2023) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109191 · Cited by 8
Structure related to function: prefrontal surface area has an indirect effect on the relationship between amygdala volume and trait neuroticism
Castagna, P. J. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01974-x · Cited by 8
Getting to Know Your Patient: How Facial Expression Can Help Reveal True Emotion
Frank, M. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1063-5_13 · Cited by 5
Looking at Other People: Mechanisms for Social Perception Revealed in Subjects with Focal Amygdala Damage
Adolphs, R. (2006) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470030585.ch11 · Cited by 6
Facial Emotion Recognition in Older Adults With Cognitive Complaints
Shim, Y. (2023) · Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders · doi:10.12779/dnd.2023.22.4.158 · Cited by 7
Fear
O’Connell, K., Rhoads, S. A., & Marsh, A. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544754.013.25 · Cited by 5
The Role of Amygdala in Emotional and Social Functions: Implications for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy*
Cristinzio, C., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2007) · Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) · Cited by 5
Examination of the limbic system's role in emotional experience using a human lesion model
Feinstein, J. S. (2012) · doi:10.17077/etd.hz5d39te · Cited by 5
Social Cognition
Adolphs, R., & Minzenberg, M. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002047 · Cited by 5
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE AMYGDALA IN THE RECOGNITION OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS: A REVIEW OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Sato, W., & Murai, T. (2004) · PSYCHOLOGIA · doi:10.2117/psysoc.2004.125 · Cited by 4
Dysfunctions of Facial Emotion Recognition in Adult Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Influence on interpersonal difficulties
Kornreich, C., & Philippot, P. (2006) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-46-1-2-79 · Cited by 4
Sketching the Power of Machine Learning to Decrypt a Neural Systems Model of Behavior
Ernst, M., Gowin, J. L., Gaillard, C., Philips, R. T., & Grillon, C. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9030067 · Cited by 4
Disociaciones entre cognición y conciencia: hacia un modelo multimodular e integrado de la mente
Froufe, M. (2003) · Studies in Psychology Estudios de Psicología · doi:10.1174/021093903765762893 · Cited by 4
The New Unconscious: Agency and Awareness
Franks, D. D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5531-9_4 · Cited by 3
Exploring continual learning strategies in artificial neural networks through graph-based analysis of connectivity: Insights from a brain-inspired perspective
Carboni, L., Nwaigwe, D., Mainsant, M., Bayle, R., Reyboz, M., Mermillod, M., Michel Dojat, D., & Achard, S. (2025) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107125 · Cited by 3
Seniors’ ability to decode differently aged facial emotional expressions
Esposito, A. A., Amorese, T., Maldonato, N. M., Vinciarelli, A., Torres, M. I., Escalera, S., & Cordasco, G. (2020) · International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition · doi:10.1109/fg47880.2020.00077 · Cited by 3
Les visages et leurs émotions
Krolak‐Salmon, P., Hénaff, M., Bertrand, O., Mauguı̀ere, F., & Vighetto, A. (2006) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/s0035-3787(06)75116-5 · Cited by 3
Gehirn und Lernen
Meinhardt, J. (2019) · Psychologie für den Lehrberuf · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55754-9_5 · Cited by 1
Recognizing emotions and effects of traumatic brain injury
Nahi, Y. C., Tasso, B., Monte, O. D., & Celeghin, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823036-7.00038-4 · Cited by 2
The Neurobiology of Stereotyping and Prejudice
Nelson, T. D. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4473-8_22 · Cited by 2
This is your Brain on Drugs: SUD, Cognitive Impairment, and Mental Health Disorders
Garman, R. M. (2013) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.1000141 · Cited by 2
Percepção Emocional e Processamento de Informações Emocionais no Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais: origens psicológicas do julgamento social
Almada, L. F. (2012) · DoisPontos · doi:10.5380/dp.v9i2.26594 · Cited by 3
Development and Validation of Emotion Recognition Software in the Indian Population
Menon, K. R., Malu, B., & Sinha, C. (2020) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-020-00574-8 · Cited by 1
Putting Science into Action Putting Science into Action Putting Science into Action Putting Science into Action Putting Science into Action
McCain, M. N., Mustard, J. F., & Shanker, S. G. (2007) · Cited by 1
Accuracy in perceiving facial expressions of emotion in psychopathology
Griffiths, P., & Ashwin, C. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316181959.009
Flexibly adapting to emotional cues: Examining the functional and structural correlates of emotional reactivity and emotion control in healthy and depressed individuals
Greening, S. G. (2013) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
The neural representation of facial expression
Harris, R. J. (2012) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Traitement cérébral de l’expression faciale de peur : vision périphérique et effet de l’attention
Bayle, D. J. (2009) · HAL · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4879.1440
Limbic System and the Temporal Lobe
Jacobson, S., & Marcus, E. M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9653-4_16
Reconhecimento de emoções faciais na esquizofrenia
Madeira, M. A. M. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
ABILITY TO PRODUCE EMOTIONAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWING CLOSED HEAD INJURY
Sheinina, O. (2013) · Figshare · doi:10.57912/23873526
Cognitive and Emotional Abnormalities in People with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Works, C. A. (2014)
Chapter 20 The Neural Circuitry of Autism
Belger, A., Carpenter, K. L. H., Yucel, G., & Cleary, K. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7264-3_20
Assessing the impact of emotion in dual pathway models of sensory processing.
Kryklywy, J. H. (2016) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
An investigation of the role and specificity of affective deficits in the development of callous unemotional traits and antisocial behaviors
Cardinale, E. M. (2017) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Age-related Changes In Emotion Regulation Using A Startle Modulation Paradigm
Gojmerac, C. (2009) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
The role of autistic traits in the perception of emotion from faces and voices: a behavioural and fMRI investigation
Liu, P. (2018) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Cognitive and Behavioral Manifestations in Turner Syndrome
Belger, A., & Hart, S. J. (2010) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0029
Expression without recognition
(2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01527-8
Limbic System
Marcus, E. M., Jacobson, S., & Sabin, T. D. (2014) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199744435.003.0022
Exploring Continual Learning Strategies in Artificial Neural Net-Exploring Continual Learning Strategies in Artificial Neural Networks Through Graph-Based Analysis of Connectivity: Insights from a Brain-Inspired PerspectivePreprint
Carboni, L., Nwaigwe, D., Mainsant, M., Bayle, R., Reyboz, M., Mermillod, M., Michel Dojat, D., & Achard, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4904745 · Cited by 2
My science and career with Joseph E. LeDoux
Phelps, E. A. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae466
Self-citation
Gehirn und Lernen
Meinhardt, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69557-9_7
Traitement cérébral de l’expression faciale de peur : vision périphérique et effet de l’attention
Bayle, D. J. (2009) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fd3c5887zdbe3z4263zbfe7ze5839a54e404
In vivo anatomical segmentation of the human amygdala and parcellation of emotional processing
Solano-Castiella, E. (2011) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)
Short-term mood regulation: Cognitive, neural, and genetic associations
Gillihan, S. J. (2008) · ProQuest Demo Repository

Authors: Anderson, A. K., & Phelps, E. A.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Anderson, Adam K.
ORCID: Anderson, Adam K.
Phelps, Elizabeth A.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2000-03
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Pages: 106-111
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00224
OpenAlex: W2063474774
Cited by: 175
References: 45
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 5.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (50812)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: amygdala, emotional expression, emotional communication, emotional facial expressions, fear, social communication, emotional appraisal, neural dissociation, emotion production
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Brain Damage, Chronic, Dominance, Cerebral, Emotions, Facial Expression, Fear, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nonverbal Communication, Social Behavior, Social Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Expression Without Recognition: Contributions of the Human Amygdala to Emotional Communication

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks