The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Origins of Number Sense: Large-Number Discrimination in Human Infants
Abstract
Four experiments investigated infants' sensitivity to large, approximate numerosities in auditory sequences. Prior studies provided evidence that 6-month-old infants discriminate large numerosities that differ by a ratio of 2.0, but not 1.5, when presented with arrays of visual forms in which many continuous variables are controlled. The present studies used a head-turn preference procedure to test for infants' numerosity discrimination with auditory sequences designed to control for element duration, sequence duration, interelement interval, and amount of acoustic energy. Six-month-old infants discriminated 16 from 8 sounds but failed to discriminate 12 from 8 sounds, providing evidence that the same 2.0 ratio limits numerosity discrimination in auditory-temporal sequences and visual-spatial arrays. Nine-month-old infants, in contrast, successfully discriminated 12 from 8 sounds, but not 10 from 8 sounds, providing evidence that numerosity discrimination increases in precision over development, prior to the emergence of language or symbolic counting.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gallistel, C. R. (1990) · Cited by 2,571
Time required for Judgements of Numerical Inequality
MOYER, R. S., & LANDAUER, T. K. (1967) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2151519a0 · Cited by 2,068
Sources of Mathematical Thinking: Behavioral and Brain-Imaging Evidence
Dehaene, S., Spelke, E., Pinel, P., Stanescu, R., & Tsivkin, S. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5416.970 · Cited by 1,739
Self-citationLarge number discrimination in 6-month-old infants
Xu, F., & Spelke, E. S. (2000) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00066-9 · Cited by 1,531
Self-citationPreverbal and verbal counting and computation
Gallistel, C. R., & Gelman, R. (1992) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90050-r · Cited by 1,373
Trick, L. M., & Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.101.1.80 · Cited by 979
Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (1997) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70002-9 · Cited by 924
Is numerical comparison digital? Analogical and symbolic effects in two-digit number comparison.
Dehaene, S., Emmanuel Dupoux, A., & Mehler, J. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.16.3.626 · Cited by 888
Schenk, F. (1991) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90036-t · Cited by 776
Cognitive arithmetic: A review of data and theory
Ashcraft, M. H. (1992) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90051-i · Cited by 756
Cited by
Spelke, E. S., & Kinzler, K. D. (2007) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00569.x · Cited by 1,089
Self-citationHaidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2008) · The Innate Mind, Volume 3 · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0019 · Cited by 650
Xu, F., Spelke, E. S., & Goddard, S. (2005) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00395.x · Cited by 623
Self-citationFazio, L. K., Bailey, D. H., Thompson, C. A., & Siegler, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2014.01.013 · Cited by 448
Mathematics Education for Young Children: What It is and How to Promote It
Ginsburg, H. P., Lee, J. S., & Boyd, J. S. (2008) · Child Policy Nexus · doi:10.1002/j.2379-3988.2008.tb00054.x · Cited by 432
Metadata
- Authors
- Lipton, J. S., & Spelke, E. S.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 396-401
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2143556801
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 22.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Origins of Number Sense: Large-Number Discrimination in Human Infants. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-9280.01453
- The paper
- Lipton, J. S., & Spelke, E. S. (2003). Origins of Number Sense: Large-Number Discrimination in Human Infants. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01453
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.