Cited by 310Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionLeadership, Courage, and Heroism StudiesOptimism, Hope, and Well-being

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Character Strengths Before and After September 11

Peterson, Christopher, Seligman, Martin E.P.·2003·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.24482

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Did Americans change following the September 11 terrorist attacks? We provide a tentative answer with respect to the positive traits included in the Values in Action Classification of Strengths and measured with a self-report questionnaire available on-line and completed by 4,817 respondents. When scores for individuals completing the survey in the 2 months immediately after September 11 were compared with scores for those individuals who completed the survey before September 11, seven character strengths showed increases: gratitude, hope, kindness, leadership, love, spirituality, and teamwork. Ten months after September 11, these character strengths were still elevated, although to a somewhat lesser degree than immediately following the attacks.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/1467-9280.24482

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351
Self-citation
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Raber, G., & Spokas, M. (2024) · doi:10.4135/9781071886229.n145 · Cited by 2,806
The self system in reciprocal determinism.
Bandura, A. (1978) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.33.4.344 · Cited by 2,262
Psychological Experiments on the Internet
(2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-099980-4.x5000-x · Cited by 466
The Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Strengths
Peterson, C. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195176797.003.0003 · Cited by 285
Self-citation
Decision Making in the Lab and on the Web
Birnbaum, M. H. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012099980-4/50002-2 · Cited by 61
Treatise on the Virtues
AQUINAS, S. T. (2019) · University of Notre Dame Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvpg84m7 · Cited by 24
The Internet and the World Wide Web
Weaver, A. C. (2002) · Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · doi:10.1109/iecon.1997.664910 · Cited by 19

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 11 references

3 of the 11 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Seligman M.E.P., 2002, Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment

Sorted by citations

Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration
Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005 · Cited by 2,411
Weighing the Costs of Disaster: Consequences, Risks, and Resilience in Individuals, Families, and Communities
Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., & Greca, A. M. L. (2010) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100610387086 · Cited by 1,289
Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice
Lee Duckworth, A., Steen, T. A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144154 · Cited by 1,095
Self-citation
Linguistic Markers of Psychological Change Surrounding September 11, 2001
Cohn, M. A., Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00741.x · Cited by 808
Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction
Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760701228938 · Cited by 849
Self-citation
Using personal and psychological strengths leads to increases in well-being over time: A longitudinal study and the development of the strengths use questionnaire
Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Kashdan, T. B., & Hurling, R. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.004 · Cited by 655
Positive Organizational Scholarship
Peterson, C., & Park, N. (2006) · Deutscher Universitätsverlag eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-8350-9106-1_2 · Cited by 567
Self-citation
Strengths use, self-concordance and well-being: Implications for Strengths Coaching and Coaching Psychologists
Govindji, R., & Linley, P. A. (2007) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2007.2.2.143 · Cited by 519
Using signature strengths in pursuit of goals: Effects on goal progress, need satisfaction, and well-being, and implications for coaching psychologists
Linley, P. A., Nielsen, K. M., Wood, A. M., Gillett, R., & Biswas‐Diener, R. (2010) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2010.5.1.6 · Cited by 396
Character Strengths: Research and Practice
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009) · Journal of College and Character · doi:10.2202/1940-1639.1042 · Cited by 458
Self-citation
Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery
Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200204 · Cited by 520
Strengths Use as a Predictor of Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life
Proctor, C., Maltby, J., & Linley, P. A. (2010) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-009-9181-2 · Cited by 393
Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): Adaptation and Validation of the German Version and the Development of a Peer-Rating Form
Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., Harzer, C., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2010) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000022 · Cited by 346
Self-citation
Searching for and finding meaning in collective trauma: Results from a national longitudinal study of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Updegraff, J. A., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.709 · Cited by 364
Post‐traumatic growth as positive personality change: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations
Jayawickreme, E., Infurna, F. J., Alajak, K., Blackie, L. E. R., Chopik, W. J., Chung, J. M., Dorfman, A., Fleeson, W., Forgeard, M. J. C., Frazier, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12591 · Cited by 333
“A conceptual replication of the 9/11 study by Peterson and Seligman (2003) examining changes in character strengths for individuals living in three communities affected by mass shootings (Virginia Tech, Aurora CO, and Sandy Hook Elementary School) showed only small and mixed evidence of changes in…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Psychological First Aid
Ruzek, J. I., Brymer, M. J., Jacobs, A. K., Layne, C. M., Vernberg, E. M., & Watson, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.29.1.5racqxjueafabgwp · Cited by 318
Greater strengths of character and recovery from illness
Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760500372739 · Cited by 341
Self-citation
Character strengths and well-being among volunteers and employees: Toward an integrative model
Littman‐Ovadia, H., & Steger, M. F. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.516765 · Cited by 304
The life satisfaction approach to valuing public goods: The case of terrorism
Frey, B., Luechinger, S., & Stutzer, A. (2009) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-008-9361-3 · Cited by 294
An applied framework for Positive Education
Norrish, J. M., Williams, P., O’Connor, M., & Robinson, J. (2013) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v3i2.2 · Cited by 325
Meaning Making and Growth: New Directions for Research on Survivors of Trauma
Park, C. L., & Ai, A. L. (2006) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020600685295 · Cited by 313
VIA Character Strengths: Research and Practice (The First 10 Years)
Niemiec, R. M. (2012) · Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4611-4_2 · Cited by 297
An affective–cognitive processing model of post-traumatic growth.
Joseph, S., Murphy, D., & Regel, S. (2012) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1798 · Cited by 270
Character strengths in the United Kingdom: The VIA Inventory of Strengths
Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., Harrington, S., Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.004 · Cited by 230
Self-citation
When Death is Good for Life: Considering the Positive Trajectories of Terror Management
Vail, K. E., Juhl, J., Arndt, J., Vess, M., Routledge, C., & Rutjens, B. T. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868312440046 · Cited by 210
Character strengths in organizations
Peterson, C., & Park, N. (2006) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.398 · Cited by 196
Self-citation
The Role of Gratitude in Breast Cancer: Its Relationships with Post-traumatic Growth, Psychological Well-Being and Distress
Ruini, C., & Vescovelli, F. (2012) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9330-x · Cited by 211
The relationships of character strengths with coping, work-related stress, and job satisfaction
Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00165 · Cited by 187
Parenting stress and risk of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A family stress theory-informed perspective
Wu, Q., & Xu, Y. (2020) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/2516103220967937 · Cited by 210
Hope, Meaning, and Growth Following the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks
Ai, A. L., Cascio, T., Santangelo, L. K., & Evans‐Campbell, T. (2005) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260504272896 · Cited by 181
From the Equator to the North Pole: A Study of Character Strengths
Biswas‐Diener, R. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3646-8 · Cited by 172
Developing a Framework for Ethical Leadership
Lawton, A., & Gabriunas, I. L. O. P. (2014) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2244-2 · Cited by 219
Genetic and environmental influences on the positive traits of the values in action classification, and biometric covariance with normal personality
Steger, M. F., Hicks, B. M., Kashdan, T. B., Krueger, R. F., & Bouchard, T. J. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.06.002 · Cited by 165
Re-evaluating the notion that resilience is commonplace: A review and distillation of directions for future research, practice, and policy
Infurna, F. J., & Luthar, S. S. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.003 · Cited by 177
The psychological study of religion and spirituality in a disaster context: A systematic review.
Aten, J. D., Smith, W. R., Davis, E. B., Tongeren, D. R. V., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., Shannonhouse, L., DeBlaere, C., Ranter, J., O’Grady, K. A., et al. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000431 · Cited by 157
Prayers, Spiritual Support, and Positive Attitudes in Coping With the September 11 National Crisis
Ai, A. L., Tice, T. N., Peterson, C., & Huang, B. (2005) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00328.x · Cited by 155
Self-citation
Terrorism: The psychological impact on youth.
Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00078.x · Cited by 158
What are children thankful for? An archival analysis of gratitude before and after the attacks of September 11
Gordon, A. K., Musher‐Eizenman, D. R., Holub, S. C., & Dalrymple, J. (2004) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.08.004 · Cited by 141
Goal Shifts Following Reminders of Mortality: Reconciling Posttraumatic Growth and Terror Management Theory
Lykins, E. L. B., Segerstrom, S. C., Averill, A. J., Evans, D. R., & Kemeny, M. E. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207303015 · Cited by 150
Prospects for a Positive Psychology of Rehabilitation.
Dunn, D. S., & Dougherty, S. B. (2005) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.50.3.305 · Cited by 138
The value of virtue in the upper echelons: A multisource examination of executive character strengths and performance
Sosik, J. J., Gentry, W. A., & Chun, J. U. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.08.010 · Cited by 135
Pathways to posttraumatic growth versus posttraumatic stress: Coping and emotional reactions following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
Park, C. L., Aldwin, C. M., Fenster, J. R., & Snyder, L. B. (2008) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/a0014054 · Cited by 144
Six Functions of Character Strengths for Thriving at Times of Adversity and Opportunity: a Theoretical Perspective
Niemiec, R. M. (2019) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-018-9692-2 · Cited by 151
Subjective relational experiences and employee innovative behaviors in the workplace
Peretz, H. V., Binyamin, G., & Carmeli, A. (2010) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.09.005 · Cited by 136
Top executive gender, board gender diversity, and financing decisions: Evidence from debt structure choice
Datta, S., Doan, T., & Toscano, F. (2021) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106070 · Cited by 127
Death and gratitude: Death reflection enhances gratitude
Frias, A., Watkins, P. C., Webber, A. C., & Froh, J. J. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.558848 · Cited by 126
The Social Dynamics of a Cultural Upheaval
Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1468.x · Cited by 127
A new archival approach to the study of values and value--Behavior relations: Validation of the value lexicon.
Bardi, A., Calogero, R. M., & Mullen, B. R. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.483 · Cited by 183
Possibilities of the Positive Following Violence and Trauma
Ai, A. L., & Park, C. L. (2004) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260504267746 · Cited by 122
Relationships among Trait Resilience, Virtues, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Post-traumatic Growth
Duan, W., Guo, P., & Gan, P. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125707 · Cited by 134
Are female top executives more risk-averse or more ethical? Evidence from corporate cash holdings policy
Doan, T., & Iskandar‐Datta, M. E. (2019) · Journal of Empirical Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jempfin.2019.11.005 · Cited by 116
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on job search behavior: An event transition perspective.
McFarland, L. A., Reeves, S., Porr, W. B., & Ployhart, R. E. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000782 · Cited by 110
The Effect of Social Media on Personal Branding Efforts of Top Level Executives
Karaduman, İ. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.515 · Cited by 120
Exploring the Validity of the Values-In-Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) in an African Context
Khumalo, I. P., Wissing, M. P., & Temane, Q. M. (2008) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2008.10820180 · Cited by 104
Classification and Measurement of Character Strengths: Implications for Practice
Peterson, C., & Park, N. (2004) · Positive Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1002/9780470939338.ch27 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
The Practice of Character Strengths: Unifying Definitions, Principles, and Exploration of What’s Soaring, Emerging, and Ripe With Potential in Science and in Practice
Niemiec, R. M., & Pearce, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590220 · Cited by 127
Toward a Positive Psychology of Immigrants
Cobb, C. L., Branscombe, N. R., Meca, A., Schwartz, S. J., Xie, D., Zea, M. C., Molina, L. E., & Martínez, C. R. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619825848 · Cited by 104
How Gratitude Relates to Burnout and Job Satisfaction in Mental Health Professionals
Lanham, M. E., Rye, M. S., Rimsky, L., & Weill, S. R. (2012) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.34.4.w35q80w11kgpqn26 · Cited by 95
ADJUSTING TO UNCERTAINTY: COPING STRATEGIES AMONG THE DISPLACED AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA
Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., & Burke, J. M. (2007) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732170701533939 · Cited by 88
The good character at work: an initial study on the contribution of character strengths in identifying healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experience patterns
Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2012) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-012-0736-x · Cited by 86
Courage as a potential mediator between personality and coping
Magnano, P., Paolillo, A., Platania, S., & Santisi, G. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.047 · Cited by 90
Character and authentic transformational leadership behavior: Expanding the ascetic self toward others.
Sosik, J. J., & Cameron, J. C. (2010) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/a0022104 · Cited by 83
The Bright Side of Bad Times
Bianchi, E. C. (2013) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839213509590 · Cited by 82
Coping With Terrorism: The Impact of Increased Salience of Terrorism on Mood and Self-Efficacy of Intrinsically Religious and Nonreligious People
Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T., Kastenmüller, A., Jonas, E., & Frey, D. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205282738 · Cited by 82
La Psicología Positiva: Investigación y aplicaciones
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Sun, J. K. (2013) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082013000100002 · Cited by 103
Self-citation
Impact of employees' character strengths of wisdom on stress and creative performance
Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., Hannah, S. T., Sweetman, D., & Peterson, C. (2011) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2010.00157.x · Cited by 90
Self-citation
Counting One’s Blessings Can Reduce the Impact of Daily Stress
Krejtz, I., Nezlek, J. B., Michnicka, A., Holas, P., & Rusanowska, M. (2014) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9578-4 · Cited by 77
Finding social benefits after a collective trauma: Perceiving societal changes and well‐being following 9/11
Poulin, M. J., Silver, R. C., Gil‐Rivas, V., Holman, E. A., & McIntosh, D. N. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20391 · Cited by 80
VIA character strengths among U.S. college students and their associations with happiness, well-being, resiliency, academic success and psychopathology
Karris, M. A., Carey, G., & Craighead, W. E. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1752785 · Cited by 96
The 9/11 effect: Toward a social science of the terrorist threat
Woods, J. (2011) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2010.06.001 · Cited by 83
Sharing news, making sense, saying thanks: patterns of talk on Twitter during the Queensland floods
Shaw, F., Burgess, J., Crawford, K., & Bruns, A. (2013) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 76
Coping with the threat of terrorism: A review
Maguen, S., Papa, A., & Litz, B. T. (2007) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800701652777 · Cited by 76
The Political Is Personal: Narrating 9/11 and Psychological Well‐Being
Adler, J. M., & Poulin, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00569.x · Cited by 77
Community engagement in deprived neighbourhoods during the COVID-19 crisis: perspectives for more resilient and healthier communities
den Broeder, L., South, J., Rothoff, A., Bagnall, A., Azarhoosh, F., van der Linden, G., Bharadwa, M., & Wagemakers, A. (2021) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daab098 · Cited by 70
Leadership and character
Sarros, J. C., Cooper, B. K., & Hartican, A. M. (2006) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/01437730610709291 · Cited by 68
Positive Effects of Terrorism and Posttraumatic Growth: An Individual and Community Perspective
Vázquez, C., Pérez‐Sales, P., & Hervás, G. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118269718.ch4 · Cited by 66
The Relation of Character Strengths to Past, Present, and Future Life Satisfaction among German-Speaking Women
Proyer, R., Gander, F., Wyss, T., & Ruch, W. (2011) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01060.x · Cited by 68
BUILDING CHARACTER: A LEADERSHIP ESSENTIAL
Sarros, J. C., & Cooper, B. K. (2006) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-005-9020-3 · Cited by 67
Vitality at work and its associations with lifestyle, self-determination, organizational culture, and with employees’ performance and sustainable employability
van Scheppingen, A. R., de Vroome, E. M. M., ten Have, K. C. J. M., Zwetsloot, G. I. J. M., Wiezer, N. M., & van Mechelen, W. (2015) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-141947 · Cited by 72
Psychological Resources Protect Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study During the French Lockdown
Pellerin, N., & Raufaste, É. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590276 · Cited by 78
Illusory posttraumatic growth is common, but genuine posttraumatic growth is rare: A critical review and suggestions for a path forward
Boals, A. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102301 · Cited by 65
When Disaster Strikes! An Interdisciplinary Review of Disasters and Their Organizational Consequences
Gregg, H. R., Restubog, S. L. D., Dasborough, M. T., Xu, C., Deen, C. M., & He, Y. (2022) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063221076808 · Cited by 66
The Impact of Positive Psychological Interventions on Well-Being in Healthy Elderly People
Sutipan, P., Intarakamhang, U., & Macaskill, A. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9711-z · Cited by 62
Post‐traumatic growth in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care
Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Parpa, E., Galanos, A., & Vlahos, L. J. (2008) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910707x246177 · Cited by 63
A systematic change in dreams after 9/11/01
Hartmann, E., & Brezler, T. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.2.213 · Cited by 56
Changes in attitudes towards war and violence after September 11, 2001
Carnagey, N. L., & Anderson, C. A. (2007) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20173 · Cited by 58
“Andrà tutto bene”: Associations Between Character Strengths, Psychological Distress and Self-efficacy During Covid-19 Lockdown
Casali, N., Feraco, T., Ghisi, M., & Meneghetti, C. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00321-w · Cited by 62
MENTAL HEALTH, SUBSTANCE USE, AND ADAPTIVE COPING AMONG SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS IN THE AFTERMATH OF HURRICANES KATRINA AND RITA
Lemieux, C. M., Plummer, C. A., Richardson, R., Simon, C. E., & Ai, A. L. (2010) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.5175/jswe.2010.200900004 · Cited by 56
Character Strengths and Deep Connections Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Spiritual and Secular Pathways to Resistance Among Volunteers
Ai, A. L., Richardson, R., Plummer, C. A., Ellison, C. G., Lemieux, C. M., Tice, T. N., & Huang, B. (2013) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12043 · Cited by 51
Cultivating Meaningfulness at Work
Dik, B. J., Steger, M. F., Fitch-Martin, A., & Onder, C. C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6527-6_27 · Cited by 51
Attachment style, empathy, and helping following a collective loss: Evidence from the September 11 terrorist attacks
Wayment, H. A. (2006) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730600585292 · Cited by 51
Threat appraisals, distress and the development of positive life changes after September 11th in a Canadian sample
Davis, C. G., & MacDonald, S. (2004) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070410025832 · Cited by 49
God Images following Hurricane Katrina in South Mississippi: An Exploratory Study
Aten, J. D., Moore, M., Denney, R. M., Bayne, T., Stagg, A. R., Owens, S., Daniel, S. M., Boswell, S. S., Schenck, J. E., Adams, J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710803600401 · Cited by 46
Integrity's place among the character strengths of middle-level managers and top-level executives
Gentry, W. A., Cullen, K. L., Sosik, J. J., Chun, J. U., Leupold, C. R., & Tonidandel, S. (2012) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.009 · Cited by 44
Prevalence and Determinants of Psychological Distress in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Cancer: A Multicenter Survey
Duan, Y., Wang, L., Sun, Q., Liu, X., Ding, S., Cheng, Q., Xie, J., & Cheng, A. S. K. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.4103/2347-5625.311005 · Cited by 44
Character Strengths: A Study of Argentinean Soldiers
Cosentino, A. C., & Solano, A. C. (2012) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n1.37310 · Cited by 44
Posttraumatic growth as a process and an outcome: Vexing problems and paradoxes seen from the perspective of humanistic psychology.
Joseph, S. (2019) · The Humanistic Psychologist · doi:10.1037/hum0000156 · Cited by 43
Well-Being
Røysamb, E., Nes, R. B., & Vittersø, J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411478-4.00002-3 · Cited by 42
Perceived benefits after terrorist attacks: The role of positive and negative emotions
Vázquez, C., & Hervás, G. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439761003630060 · Cited by 42
The Role of Suffering in Human Flourishing: Contributions from Positive Psychology, Theology, and Philosophy
Hall, M. E. L., Langer, R., & McMartin, J. (2010) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164711003800204 · Cited by 39

Authors: Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Peterson, Christopher
ORCID: Peterson, Christopher
Seligman, Martin E.P.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 381-384
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.24482
OpenAlex: W2130702316
Cited by: 310
References: 11
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 13.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords: character strengths, September 11 attacks, gratitude, hope, kindness, leadership, love, spirituality, teamwork, positive psychology, terrorism
MeSH terms: Adult, Aircraft, Character, District of Columbia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, New York City, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Religion and Psychology, Social Values, Terrorism, Spirituality

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Character Strengths Before and After September 11

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks