Cited by 268Food Safety and HygieneIdentification and Quantification in FoodPharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting

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Food Safety, Food Fraud, and Food Defense: A Fast Evolving Literature

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Manning, Louise, Soon, Jan Mei·2016·Journal of Food Science

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Abstract

Intentional food crime is plural in nature in terms of the types of crime and the differing levels of financial gain. Successful models of food crime are dependent on how well the crime has been executed and at what point, or even if, detection actually occurs. The aim of this paper is to undertake a literature review and critique the often contradictory definitions that can be found in the literature in order to compare and contrast existing food crime risk assessment tools and their application. Food safety, food defense, and food fraud risk assessments consider different criteria in order to determine the degree of situational risk for each criteria and the measures that need to be implemented to mitigate that risk. Further research is required to support the development of global countermeasures, that are of value in reducing overall risk even when the potential hazards may be largely unknown, and specific countermeasures that can act against unique risks.

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Cereals, Pseudocereals, Flour, and Bakery Products
Cozzolino, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30288-6_3 · Cited by 3
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Walaszczyk, A., Kowalska, A., & Staniec, I. (2023) · DECISION · doi:10.1007/s40622-023-00352-1 · Cited by 3
Factors associated with Food Safety Practices (FSP) among visitors in the Depok Beach Area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Suryani, D., Rustiawan, A., & Jannah, A. A. (2023) · Public Health of Indonesia · doi:10.36685/phi.v9i3.707 · Cited by 3
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Matsumoto, S., Kanagawa, Y., Nagoshi, K., Akahane, T., Imamura, T., & Akahane, M. (2023) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/43936 · Cited by 3
Food adulteration
Cozzolino, D., Dayananda, B., & Chapman, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21493-6.00011-3 · Cited by 3
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“These days, the rise of economic needs among industries has led to the internationalization of food production, distribution and retailing (Ballin et al ., 2009; Manning & Soon, 2016; Stadler et al ., 2016).”
Background
Prevalence of physical and verbal violence against physicians and nurses in primary health care centres, Buraidah, Qassim province
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Securing the Plate with Forensic Science: Clamping Down on Food Fraud in Ghana
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“Recent incidents of foodborne diseases and fatalities linked to contaminated foods have underscored the urgent need for more effective detection methods of illicit food factories [41, 58].”
Background
Policies and Social Issues of Food Safety
Das, S. K., Biswas, O., & Biswas, B. K. (2024) · CABI climate change series. · doi:10.1079/9781800625037.0011 · Cited by 2
Foreign substances in food in forensic analyses
Lech, T., & Lechowicz, W. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822360-4.00001-7 · Cited by 2
Security Standards Applied to Drinking Water
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The “Hygiene Package”: Analysis of Fraud Rates in Italy in the Period before and after Its Entry into Force
Previti, A., Vicari, D., Conte, F. L., Pugliese, M., Gargano, V., Alibrandi, A., Zirilli, A., & Passantino, A. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11091244 · Cited by 2
Study on the effect of income perception on cleaner-production fraud
Liu, M., & Li, Y. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-18776-0 · Cited by 2
“To explore the inherent causes of its generation is a prerequisite for combating production fraud (Donaldson 2014; Mu et al. 2014; Manning and Soon 2016; Michael and Georgios 2016).”
Background
Knowledge of Amblyopia among Primary Health Care Physicians and Family Medicine Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia
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Food Laws and Regulations Related to Food Security
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Overview of Food Fraud Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures
Manning, R. W., & Spink, J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22857-6 · Cited by 2
Defesa e Fraude Alimentar na Integridade da Cadeia de Fornecimento de Alimentos – Breve Revisão
Costa, M. J., Teixeira, P. C. M., & Moreira, R. (2020) · Acta Portuguesa de Nutrição · doi:10.21011/apn.2020.2007 · Cited by 2
Organised Food Crime? Analysing harmful and criminal activities in the food supply chain in England and Italy
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“On the other hand, restricting access to tasteful foods, whether self-imposed or by parental control, may have potentially negative consequences [16].”
Background
Family physicians and patients’ compliance
Ismail, M., Nur, M. A., & Joudeh, A. I. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.9525041 · Cited by 1
Historical evolution of basic characteristics, underlying causes, and management tools of food fraud in China: 1949–2022
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Are we confident with our food: drivers affecting consumer’s food fraud avoidance behavior for milk and dairy products
Seçer, A., Aydan, G., & Şahin, A. (2025) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-10-2024-1070 · Cited by 1
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“These findings align with previous food defense analyses that have highlighted infrastructural design, centralized catering arrangements, and human factors as recurring areas of concern in mass catering environments [11,19].”
Building an intelligent food assurance system based on DevOps: A review
Zhou, J., Brereton, P. A., & Campbell, K. (2025) · Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2025.100847 · Cited by 5
Are Authenticity Tests in Demand? Consumers' Preferences for Authenticity Tests in the Chinese Online Food Market
Wang, E., Nian, Y., & Gao, Z. (2025) · Agribusiness · doi:10.1002/agr.70058 · Cited by 1

Authors: Manning, L., & Soon, J. M.
Affiliations: Royal Agricultural University (GB)
University of Lancashire (GB)
Corresponding author: Manning, Louise
ORCID: Manning, Louise
Soon, Jan Mei
Venue: Journal of Food Science
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-03-02
Volume: 81
Issue: 4
Pages: R823-34
ISSN: 0022-1147 (ISSN-L)
1750-3841
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13256
OpenAlex: W2341811507
Cited by: 268
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6
FWCI: 1.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Food Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Harper Adams University Repository (GuildHE Research) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Identification and Quantification in Food
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
Keywords: food safety, food fraud, food defense, risk assessment tools, risk mitigation, countermeasures
MeSH terms: Crime, Food, Fraud, Humans, Risk Assessment, Food Safety

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Food Safety, Food Fraud, and Food Defense: A Fast Evolving Literature

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