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Cited by 102Botanical Research and ApplicationsNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Beetroot, A Remarkable Vegetable: Its Nitrate and Phytochemical Contents Can be Adjusted in Novel Formulations to Benefit Health and Support Cardiovascular Disease Therapies

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dos S. Baião, Diego, da Silva, Davi V. T., Paschoalin, Vania M. F.·2020·Antioxidants
DOI 10.3390/antiox9100960PMC PMC7600128
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Abstract

The cardioprotective effects of dietary nitrate from beetroot in healthy and hypertensive individuals are undeniable and irrefutable. Nitrate and nitrate-derived nitrite are precursors for nitric oxide synthesis exhibiting an effect on cardiomyocytes and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, improving endothelial function, reducing arterial stiffness and stimulating smooth muscle relaxation, decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Beetroot phytochemicals like betanin, saponins, polyphenols, and organic acids can resist simulated gastrointestinal digestion, raising the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effects of beetroots result from the combination of nitrate/nitrite and bioactive compounds that limit the generation of reactive oxygen species and modulate gene expression. Nitrate and phytochemical concentrations can be adjusted in beet formulations to fulfill requirements for acute or long-term supplementations, enhancing patient adherence to beet intervention. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, beet nitrate and its bioactive phytochemicals are promising as a novel supportive therapy to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases.

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  • The effects of nitrate are generally more pronounced when nitrate is consumed in whole foods rather than in the form of isolated salts, highlighting the importance of the food matrix.

    “The effects are generally more pronounced when nitrate is consumed in whole foods rather than in the form of isolated salts, which highlights the importance of the food matrix [13,86].”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Introduction says food matrices contain mixtures of bioactive compounds, and the Conclusions (section 7; page unavailable) say beetroot compounds may reinforce nitrate-derived effects. But the paper does not establish that nitrate consumed in whole foods generally has more pronounced effects than isolated nitrate salts. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Nitrate-rich vegetables such as beetroot offer high nitrate levels alongside phytochemicals which may have synergistic antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.

    “By contrast, nitrate-rich vegetables such as beetroot offer high nitrate levels alongside a variety of phytochemicals which may have synergistic antioxidant and cardioprotective properties [13,14].”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors
dos S. Baião, D., da Silva, D. V. T., & Paschoalin, V. M. F.
Affiliations
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
ORCID
Paschoalin, Vania M. F.
Venue
Antioxidants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-10-08
Volume
9
Issue
10
Pages
960
ISSN
2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/antiox9100960
PMC
PMC7600128
OpenAlex
W3092323815
Cited by
102
References
225
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16
FWCI
0.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Botanical Research and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords
beetroot, dietary nitrate, nitric oxide, nitrite, betanin, saponins, polyphenols, organic acids, phytochemicals, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cardioprotection, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, reactive oxygen species, dietary supplements

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