Cited by 582COVID-19 and Mental HealthAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

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Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Karatzias, T., Bentall, R. P., Martinez, A., Vallières, F.·2020·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

DOI 10.1111/acps.13219

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Abstract

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic in Ireland resulted in a nationwide quarantine on March 27, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of rates of anxiety and depression in the general population of Ireland during the pandemic. Aims: Our first aim was to estimate the probable prevalence rates of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression and to identify sociodemographic risk factors associated with screening positive for GAD or depression. Our second aim was to determine if COVID‐19 related anxiety was highest amongst those in society at greatest risk of morality from COVID‐19. Method: Self‐report data were collected from a nationally representative Irish sample ( N = 1041) online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the nationwide quarantine measures. Recognized cut‐off scores on the GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 were used to estimate rates of GAD and depression. Correlates of screening positive for GAD or depression were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: GAD (20.0%), depression (22.8%) and GAD or depression (27.7%) was common. Screening positive for GAD or depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID‐19, COVID‐19 infection and higher perceived risk of COVID‐19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older had significantly higher levels of COVID‐19 related anxiety than adults aged 18–34. Conclusions: Initial results from this multi‐wave study monitoring changes in population anxiety and depression throughout the pandemic indicate that GAD and depression were common experiences in the population during the initial phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Authors: Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Karatzias, T., Bentall, R. P., Martinez, A., & Vallières, F.
Affiliations: National University of Ireland, Maynooth (IE)
University of Ulster (GB)
Edinburgh Napier University (GB)
University of Sheffield (GB)
Trinity College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author: Hyland, P.
ORCID: Hyland, P.
Shevlin, M.
McBride, O.
Murphy, J.
Karatzias, T.
Bentall, R. P.
Vallières, F.
Venue: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-08-09
Volume: 142
Issue: 3
Pages: 249-256
ISSN: 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
1600-0447
DOI: 10.1111/acps.13219
OpenAlex: W3044224654
Cited by: 582
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 184 · 2021: 188 · 2020: 20
FWCI: 49.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Economic and Social Research Council (ES/V004379/1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, prevalence, sociodemographic risk factors, quarantine, perceived infection risk, income loss, older adults, Ireland
MeSH terms: COVID-19, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Ireland, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quarantine, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Comorbidity, Prevalence

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Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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