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Cited by 47Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

The association between OCD and Shame: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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Laving, Michelle, Foroni, Francesco, Ferrari, Madeleine, Turner, Cynthia, Yap, Keong·2023·British Journal of Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1111/bjc.12392PMC PMC10091722
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Abstract

Background: Due to rumination and self‐criticism over unwanted obsessions and repetitive rituals, shame is a common emotion experienced by individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Shame is also theorized to have relevance to unacceptable thoughts in OCD. However, empirical research looking at the relationship between OCD and shame is still emerging and findings have been mixed. Objectives: Our review systematically examines the association of shame with OCD and unacceptable thoughts. Methods: The last updated search was conducted across five databases between 27 and 29 February 2022. The final selection included 20 papers, 18 of which were used in the primary meta‐analysis to calculate pooled effect sizes between OCD and shame measures using a random effects model. In a separate analysis, three papers were used to calculate pooled effect sizes between shame and OCD symptom dimensions also using a random effects model. Results: The meta‐analyses identified a significant, moderate and positive correlation between total OCD and shame scores r = .352, 95% CI [0.260, 0.438]. In addition, significant, weak and positive relationships were found between shame and three OCD symptom dimensions: unacceptable thoughts r = .252, 95% CI [−0.467, 0.9708], harm obsessions r = .224, CI [−0.190, 0.638] and symmetry concerns r = .200, CI [−0.108, 0.509]. Limitations: Shame measures in the reviewed studies were not specific to OCD, and between‐study variance in the analyses examining unacceptable thoughts was significant. Conclusions: Our findings support a medium positive relationship between shame and OCD. As shame in OCD can be a barrier to seeking treatment and impair quality of life, it is imperative to address this emotion through psychoeducation, assessment and treatment.

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  • There is a well-established link between shame and OCD.

    “There is a well‐established link between shame and OCD (Laving et al., 2022; Visvalingam et al., 2022; Weingarden & Renshaw, 2015)”

    From A preliminary investigation of the relationships between attachment insecurity, fear of compassion, and <scp>OCD</scp> severity (2025) · cites this paper as Laving et al., 2022

    The Results (‘Meta-analysis: Shame and OCD’; page not provided) report a significant, medium positive correlation between shame and OCD symptoms across 18 studies. But the Background (‘Shame versus guilt’; page not provided) says the relationship is less understood, so ‘well-established’ overstates the paper’s characterization. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Laving, M., Foroni, F., Ferrari, M., Turner, C., & Yap, K.
Affiliations
  • School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Strathfield New South Wales Australia
  • The Moore Centre South Brisbane Queensland Australia
Corresponding author
Laving, Michelle
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-10-27
Volume
62
Issue
1
Pages
28-52
ISSN
  • 0144-6657 (ISSN-L)
  • 2044-8260
DOI
10.1111/bjc.12392
PMC
PMC10091722
OpenAlex
W4307427832
Cited by
47
References
85
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • British Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Australian Government
  • Australian Catholic University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
obsessive-compulsive disorder, shame, unacceptable thoughts, symptom dimensions, psychoeducation
MeSH terms
Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Shame

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