Do AI chatbots improve students learning outcomes? Evidence from a meta‐analysis

Cited by (574)

Items 201–300 of 574

1. Generative AI and intelligent tutoring systems in nursing education: A systematic review of impacts on higher-order thinking skills and clinical competency
   Hafizs Nasirun, Sigit Mulyono, Ayu Widowati Dwi Hapsari, Hendri Hardi Wiradinata, Mustika Ratu · 2026 · Nurse Education in Practice
2. Exploring the effect of GenAI on learning outcomes in higher education: a three-level meta-analysis
   Changxin Fan, Lele Ke, Zexiong Chen, Pin Lv · 2026 · Frontiers in Psychology
3. Enhancing Student Motivation Through LLM-Powered Learning Environments
   Kathrin Seßler, Ozan Kepir, Enkelejda Kasneci · 2024 · Lecture notes in computer science
4. Systems Thinking on Artificial Intelligence Integration into Higher Education: Causal Loops
   Yee Zhing Liew, Andrew Huey Ping Tan, Eng Hwa Yap, Chee Shen Lim, Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed, Yuyi Zhu, Wei Chen, Shu-Hsiang Chen, Joe Ying Tuan Lo · 2024 · IntechOpen eBooks
5. Beyond AI-Enabled Classrooms: Fostering Critical Thinking in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence
   Mona El Samaty · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
6. Maintaining "Balanced" Conflict: Proactive Intervention Strategies of AI Voice Agents in Online Collaboration of Temporary Design Teams
   XinHui Chen, Xiang Yuan, Hui Zhang, Ruixiao Zheng, Wanyi Wei · 2025 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
7. Meta–analyzing the impacts of social robots for children's language development: Insights from two decades of research from 2003 to 2023
   Xinghua Wang, Linlin Li, Qiyun Wang, Baichang Zhong, Yaqian Xu · 2025 · Educational Research Review
8. Think–Pair–Chatbot–Share: AI-Facilitated Peer Learning in Chemistry
   Pierre J. P. Naeyaert, Liam R. J. Scarratt, Thomas Murphy, Reyne Pullen · 2025 · Journal of Chemical Education
9. The future of personalized learning with AI
   Jan L. Plass, Fabian Froehlich · 2025 · Learning and Individual Differences
10. Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Educational Functioning: A Review and Meta-Analysis
    GeckHong Yeo, Jennifer E. Lansford · 2025 · Educational Psychology Review
11. Examining Student Teachers’ Agency in an AI-Supported Learning Environment: Q Methodology Research
    Youmen Chaaban, Song-Gyo Jung, Johanne Medina, Jinan Y. Azem, Joni O. Salminen, Bernard J. Jim Jansen · 2025 · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
12. ChatGPT-assisted EFL learning beyond the classroom: impact on oral proficiency, enjoyment, and grit
    Tzu‐Yu Tai · 2026 · Computer Assisted Language Learning
13. Leveraging ChatGPT in academic writing: ChatGPT enhances students' writing quality, writing experience, and ownership
    Nicolas F. Bauer, Tim Fütterer, Birgit Brucker, Peter H. Gerjets · 2026 · Computers and Education Open
14. Influencing and moderating variables in informal digital learning of English through a structural equation model
    Song Yang, Wei Xu, Ruijia Liu, Zhonggen Yu · 2024 · Computer Assisted Language Learning
15. Benefits of AI chatbots and engagement of senior high school students in Divine Word College of San Jose
    Jessica V Pimentel, Kyla D Malaluan, Francine Necole M Daluperi, John Lloyd S De Vera, John Ervin Tyron A Sunga, Arvie Jay B Marin, Jano Mark D Aguilar, Erna Joy T Valdez, Jenny A Limos-Galay · 2024 · International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology
16. Awareness, perception and use of Artificial Intelligence tools by LIS educators in Nigerian Higher institutions
    Omobolanle Seri Fasola · 2024 · Cybrarians Journal
17. Analysis on Concept of AI Literacy According and Future Education to the Result of Systematic Review
    Ke Zhang, Lei Li, Hsin-Chang Yu · 2024 · Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review
18. Enhancing School Students' Self-Regulated Learning through Generative AI Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Fütterer, Tim, Bardach, Lisa, Kuhn, Jochen, Keller, Stefan Daniel, Gerjets, Peter · 2026 · Educational Psychology Review
19. Does gender impact the relationship between perceived value and intentions of use of natural processing models?
    Mario Testa, Maddalena Della Volpe, Antonio D’Amato, Adriana Apuzzo · 2024 · Transforming Government People Process and Policy
20. Current Trends in Augmented Reality to Improve Senior High School Students’ Skills in Education 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review
    Febri Yanti, Lufri Lufri, Yuni Ahda · 2025 · Open Education Studies
21. Generative AI in Human-Computer Interaction: Enhancing User Interaction, Emotional Recognition, and Ethical Considerations
    Chutisant Kerdvibulvech, Xudong Jiang · 2025 · Lecture notes in computer science
22. Transforming behavioral intention and academic performance: ChatGPT-4.0 insights through SEM, ANN, and cIPMA analysis
    Fazeelat Aziz, Cai Li, Asad Ullah Khan · 2025 · Information Development
23. Responses to the Initial Hype: ChatGPT Supporting Teaching, Learning, and Scholarship?
    Berrin Cefa, Felicitas Macgilchrist, Hebatullah ElGamal, John Y. H. Bai, Olaf Zawacki‐Richter, Frank Senyo Loglo · 2025 · Open Praxis
24. Common ground improves learning with conversational agents
    Anita Körner, Antonia Tolzin, Andreas Janson, Jan Marco Leimeister, Ralf Rummer · 2025 · Behaviour and Information Technology
25. Teacher responsibility, AI integration, and student well-being: The role of peer collaboration in higher education
    Hongmei Li, Jiansheng Zhang, Waris Ali Khan, Hendrik Lamsali · 2025 · Acta Psychologica
26. The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Interaction Frequency with AI on College Students: The Moderating Role of Peer Support
    Wenyan Sun, Zhanfeng Jiang, Shenyang Hai · 2025 · Behavioral Sciences
27. Do Generative AI-Powered Pedagogical Agents Improve Learners’ Academic Performance Effectively? Evidence From Meta-Analysis
    Cheng Liang, Hui Shi, Yuhan Wu, Feng Li · 2025 · Journal of Educational Computing Research
28. Aligning technology with cognitive development: a five-tiered framework to generative AI in K-12 education
    Sisi Tao · 2025 · AI Brain and Child
29. Assessing the Performance of 8 AI Chatbots in Bibliographic Reference Retrieval: Grok and DeepSeek Outperform ChatGPT, but None are Entirely Accurate
    Álvaro Cabezas-Clavijo, Pavel Sidorenko-Bautista · 2026 · Journal of Data and Information Science
30. The role of epistemic beliefs in predicting ChatGPT adoption and avoidance in higher education
    Detlef Urhahne, Laura Fink, Lars Dietrich, Kerstin Kremer · 2026 · Acta Psychologica
31. Role of AI characteristics, AI literacy, and institutional policy in shaping generative AI use and learning outcomes among higher education students
    Ali Tarhini, Mohammed Abdullah Al-Sharafi, Hidaya Al Lawati · 2026 · Interactive Learning Environments
32. Large Language Model Self-Efficacy and Metacognition as Bridges in Cross-Linguistic Self-Efficacy Transfer
    Si-Qin Wang, Qian Bao, Jun-Jie Yu · 2026 · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher
33. Science Identity and AI Chatbots: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies in Science Education
    Kason Ka Ching Cheung · 2026 · Journal of Science Education and Technology
34. A Bibliometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Language Education
    Wenting Liu, Lin Yu-peng, Zhonggen Yu · 2024 · Social Education Research
35. The Practice of Enhancing Learning and Scientific Innovative Abilities Using LLM-Based AI Tools
    Bingshu Wang, Xin Zhang, Shuyi Li, Yimeng Wang · 2024 · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE)
36. AI in inclusive education which differences in research trend
    Diana Spulber · 2024 · Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal
37. Educational chatbot research: text mining and bibliometrics
    Xieling Chen, Di Zou, Haoran Xie, Fu Lee Wang · 2024 · Interactive Learning Environments
38. Use of ChatGPT as a Virtual Mentor on K-12 Students Learning Science in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
    Rafael Castañeda, Andrea Martínez-Gomez-Aldaraví, Laura Mercadé, Víctor J. Gómez, Teresa Mengual, Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández, Miguel Sinusía Lozano, Juan Navarro‐Arenas, Angela I. Barreda, M Gómez-Gómez et al. · 2024 · Knowledge
39. AI-supported data analysis boosts student motivation and reduces stress in physics education
    Jannik Henze, Julia Lademann, S. Becker, André Bresges · 2026 · Frontiers in Education
40. Learning satisfaction on the use of chatgpt among nursing students in selected higher education institutions in Sulu
    Monafarrah Savellon, Sherha Baybayan, Masnona S. Asiri · 2024 · Journal of Education and Academic Settings
41. Integrating Chatbots in Educational Administration for Improved Language Learning Outcomes
    Muhammad Asim Kamran · 2024 · Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology
42. Teachers' Perception of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Learning: A Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire Survey
    Yovian Yustiko Prasetya, Yansen Alberth Reba, Muhammad Zaenul Muttaqin, Taufiqulloh Taufiqulloh, Purwo Susongko, Sitti Hartinah, Muslihati Muslihati, Hanung Sudibyo, Yulius Mataputun · 2024
43. Advancing total quality management in higher education through AI and big data analytics
    Xu Sun, Yang Yang, Qijun Du · 2025 · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence
44. Effects of Chatbots with Anthropomorphic Visual and Auditory Cues on Users’ Affective Preference: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials
    Jiahao Chen, Fu Guo, Zeyu Zhang, Xiaohui Tian, Jaap R. C. Ham · 2025 · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
45. AI–human data hybridization: a hybrid approach to unveiling global entrepreneurial motivations, challenges and opportunities
    Samer Abaddi · 2025 · Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology
46. Bugbear or surefire success? Secondary school students’ conceptual learning about evolution with ChatGPT
    Helena Aptyka, Jörg Großschedl, Tim Hartelt · 2025 · International Journal of Science Education
47. What Does YouTube Advise Students About Bypassing AI-Text Detection Tools? A Pragmatic Analysis
    Tomáš Foltýnek, Philip Mark Newton · 2025 · Journal of Academic Ethics
48. Exploring the impact of diverse feedback sources on learners’ performance, motivation, and preference in a translation course: Tutor, peer, and GPT insight
    Li Zhang, Ling Li, Jingjing Jiang, Bin Zou · 2025 · Thinking Skills and Creativity
49. Linking emotional intelligence and AI-enhanced learning to goal-setting behavior: A cognitive load theory framework
    Zhang Jie, Qinghua Guo, Rong Hu, Yibin Zhou, Zijing Hu · 2025 · Learning and Motivation
50. Impact of educational agents on student’s learning outcomes: a meta-analysis
    Xi Xu, Xin Cao, Qian Wu · 2026 · Frontiers in Psychology
51. The effect of AI-assisted dynamic assessment on receptive and productive knowledge of vocabulary
    Hossein Kargar Behbahani, Arezoo Nasimi, Nasser Rashidi · 2026 · Studies In Educational Evaluation
52. Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
    Mina Ghassan Radhwan · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
53. Teaching Psychology in Era of Digital Intelligence: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Knowledge-Oriented and Research-Oriented Education
    Feng Yu, Yijun Zhao, Liying Xu, Kaiping Peng · 2025 · Frontiers of digital education.
54. Revolutionizing English Language Learning Through Social Robots and Artificial Intelligence: Towards Inclusive and Personalized Education
    Ela Luria · 2025 · Digital education and learning
55. Generative AI-assisted Collaborative Argumentation: Implications for the Argumentation Process and Outcome
    Liu, Wenping, Cui, Xin · 2024 · 2024 4th International Conference on Educational Technology (ICET)
56. Socio-material interactions: A multi-case study on AI chatbot integration in asynchronous online learning
    Jewoong Moon, Yeonji Jung, Haesol Bae, Unggi Lee, Keunjae Kim · 2025 · Innovations in Education and Teaching International
57. Extended executive cognition, a learning outcome for the AI age
    Alexander M. Sidorkin · 2025 · Computers and Education Open
58. “I Am Creative, Therefore I Am Employable”: Self-Creativity Identity as a Mediator of the AI-Unemployment Anxiety Link
    Li-Wei Wei · 2025 · Beijing international review of education
59. Cipherbot: A Learning Platform for AI-Augmented Education
    Soon‐gyo Jung, Johanne Medina, Kholoud Khalil Aldous, Jinan Y. Azem, Joni O. Salminen, Bernard J. Jim Jansen · 2025 · Augmented Humans International Conference (AHs)
60. Generative AI in Data Science Programming: Differences in Performance Between Groups With and Without AI-assistance
    Tenzin Doleck, Pedram Agand, Dylan Pirrotta · 2025 · Education and Information Technologies
61. Comparing AI chatbot, tiered, and textual support in physics problem solving: Effects on cognitive load and affective-motivational outcomes
    Eleonore Becker, J. Wünsche, Joaquin Marc Veith, Johanna Schrader, Philipp Bitzenbauer · 2026 · Physical Review Physics Education Research
62. Teacher care and mental wellbeing: Exploring the role of grit, resilience, and AI-interaction in education management
    Kuixin Guo, Jiansheng Zhang, Hafiz Waqas Ahmed Ansari · 2025 · Acta Psychologica
63. The Effects of Teacher Interpersonal Behaviours, Peer Collaboration, Help‐Seeking Attitudes, Academic Engagement, and Learning Outcomes in Technology‐Supported Collaborative EFL Classrooms
    Lulu Zhang, Jiahui Li, Shaohua Zhang · 2025 · European Journal of Education
64. Regulation and innovation: Unveiling the quadruple-helix-innovation ecosystem of generative AI
    Yu Peng Zhu, Si Qi Liang, Yuning Zou, Han Woo Park · 2025 · Information Processing & Management
65. The effectiveness of AI-based conversational agents in nursing education: A systematic review
    Jinseon Ko, Yaeji Lee · 2026 · Nurse Education in Practice
66. TransformED Futures: Towards Human-Centred, Ethical and Inclusive Use and Governance of AI in Higher Education
    Yasser Kosbar · 2025 · World Futures Review
67. The relationship between AI-chatbots use, student assessment performance and learning outcomes in higher education
    Dimitri Molerov, Denis A. Federiakin, Olga Zlatkin‐Troitschanskaia, Kevin Shenavai, Lukas Trierweiler, Marie‐Theres Nagel · 2026 · Unterrichtswissenschaft
68. Can Generative AI Feedback Effectively Enhance Learning Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis of 36 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies
    Ying Huang, Sirui Chen, Wenlan Zhang, Meifen Chen · 2026 · Education Sciences
69. Empirical Research Trends in the Use of AI Chatbots in EFL Teaching and Learning in Vietnam: A Systematic Review
    Thi Phuong Dang · 2025 · Proceedings of the AsiaCALL International Conference
70. Examining the impact of Intelligent Personal Assistants with self-reflection on language learning beyond the classroom
    Hsiao-Ling Hsu, Howard Hao-Jan Chen · 2025 · Computer Assisted Language Learning
71. Understanding the factors influencing college students' acceptance and adoption of chatbots for learning: A network analysis
    Peipei Mao, Zhihui Cai, Xiaojun Sun, Gengfeng Niu, Yue Zhang, Jingjing Liu · 2025 · Learning and Individual Differences
72. Bibliometric Analysis of Ambiguity Tolerance: Unearthing Its Role in Sustainable Language Education
    Yi Xue, Zhonggen Yu · 2023 · Sustainability
73. How Artificial Intelligence in Tourist Guidance Education Is Changing the Game
    Mahmut Demir · 2024 · Advances in higher education and professional development book series
74. Artificial Intelligence in Education
    Eriona Çela, Mathias Mbu Fonkam, Narasimha Rao Vajjhala, Alexey Vedishchev · 2024 · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series
75. Bridging the Uncanny Valley: The Impact of Anthropomorphism in Ai Tutoring Systems on Learner Trust and Engagement
    Amin Shahini · 2025 · SSRN Electronic Journal
76. Which factor most influences the decision of 10th grade students to use ChatGPT for programming education? A case study in Da Nang City, Vietnam
    Hung Van Tran, Loan Vo Thi Phuong, Quyet Nguyen Cong, Nhu Tran Le Tam · 2025 · Interactive Learning Environments
77. Chatbot Memory: Uncovering How Mental Effort and Chabot Interactions Affect Short-Term Learning
    Alexandre Marois, Isabelle Lavallée, Gabrielle Boily, Jonay Ramón Alamán, Bérénice Desrosiers, Noémie Lavoie · 2025 · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
78. Exploring factors influencing student satisfaction in mathematics education using PLS-SEM and fuzzy sets FsQCA
    Min Feng, Tommy Tanu Wijaya, Rizki Ananda, Wen Du · 2025 · Scientific Reports
79. ChatGPT in the classroom: pre-service English language teachers’ perspectives on AI integration in language assessment
    Aslı Lidice Göktürk Sağlam · 2025 · Learning Research and Practice
80. Artificial intelligence-based chatbots improve the efficiency of course orientation among medical students: a cross-sectional study
    Gergely H. Fodor, József Tolnai, Ferenc Rárosi, Attila Nagy, Ferenc Peták · 2025 · BMC Medical Education
81. Connecting cultural roots with mathematical thinking: A comprehensive meta-analysis of ethnomathematics practices in indonesian classrooms
    Agung Hartoyo, Dona Fitriawan, Nurfadilah Siregar, Fredi Ganda Putra · 2025 · Al-Jabar Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika
82. Enhancing collaborative writing with AI-enhanced feedback in graduate-level action research courses
    Phu Vu, Lan Vu · 2025 · Artificial Intelligence in Education
83. Enhancing adolescents’ exercise motivation management with generative AI anthropomorphism: a chain-mediated model of technology acceptance and self-efficacy
    Kaiyuan Wang, Hongxin Li, Guo Yu, Gang Li, Yu Song · 2025 · Frontiers in Psychology
84. Can ChatGPT as a generative AI tool enhance university student academic achievement?
    Qing Yu, Kun Yu, Ruiwen Yang, Baomin Li · 2025 · Innovations in Education and Teaching International
85. Do AI Chatbots Improve Students’ Learning Performance in Programming Education? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis
    Hongji Deng, Hui Chen, Yan Dong · 2026 · Journal of Educational Computing Research
86. Using AI-driven interventions in EAP classes: a mixed-method study on motivation and learning outcomes
    Sophie Gaugl · 2026 · Journal of English for Academic Purposes
87. Designing traceable, prompt-scaffolded generative AI feedback to support EFL grammar accuracy and writing complexity: evidence from male Saudi undergraduates
    Rafik Ahmed Abdelmoati Mohamed · 2026 · Interactive Learning Environments
88. Effects of Artificial Intelligence Feedback on Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in Higher Education: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
    Chang-Qin Huang, Ling-Nuo Lu, Qionghao Huang, Yiming Zhang, Tao He, Yun‐Fang Tu, Gwo‐Jen Hwang · 2026 · Educational Psychology Review
89. Inquiry-based learning in STEM education: the impact of generative AI-based Chatbots on primary school students’ problem posing ability in science
    Zhicheng Dai, Feiyan Huang, Junxia Xiong, Yue Yang, Qian Zhang, Xian Peng · 2026 · International Journal of STEM Education
90. The dynamic relationships among AI-assisted formative assessment in music teaching, feedback literacy, and music learning engagement
    He Sun · 2026 · Frontiers in Psychology
91. AI-Mediated Informal Digital Learning of English for Speaking Development: Longitudinal Effects on Ability and Affect and Implications for Adaptive Intelligence
    Difei Jia, Xi Chen, Yunsong Wang · 2026 · Journal of Intelligence
92. Experiences of Freelancers with AI and Chatbots
    Fereydon Eslami, Roodabeh Hooshmandi · 2023 · AI and Tech in Behavioral and Social Sciences
93. Learner Personas in Technology-Enhanced Learning
    Ian Tudor, Martina Holenko Dlab, Gordan Đurović · 2024 · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics
94. “Death of the Old Teacher”: Navigating AI in Education Through Kubler-Ross Model
    Louie Giray · 2025 · ECNU Review of Education
95. AIMT Agent: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Academic Support System
    Chris Lytridis, Avgoustos A. Tsinakos · 2025 · Information
96. Evaluación del aprendizaje digital en Matemáticas mediante Chatbots de IA con docentes en formación inicial
    Silvia Natividad Moral-Sánchez, Francisco José Ruiz Rey · 2025 · AtoZ novas práticas em informação e conhecimento
97. Artificial Intelligence in Social Sciences
    Vivit Rosmayanti · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
98. Attitude, Anxiety, and Literacy among Teacher Aspirants’ Embrace of Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Practical and Ethical Challenges in Integrating AI in Education
    Niño D. Torreciba, Ericson O. Alieto · 2025 · EthAIca
99. Students’ Preference in Using Chatbots for Academic Writing
    Anand Sasikumar, M V Sunil · 2023 · Indian Journal of Science and Technology
100. The Impact of ChatGPT on Students’ Writing Proficiency in Second Language Acquisition: Students’ Perception and Experiences: A Qualitative Analysis
     Jian Zhang, Zain Abbas, Tahir Ali, Qiqi Liu, Yuwei Wang · 2024 · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning