Expert review on soft‐tissue plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma: definition, disease assessment and treatment considerations
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Summary: In this review, two types of soft‐tissue involvement in multiple myeloma are defined: (i) extramedullary (EMD) with haematogenous spread involving only soft tissues and (ii) paraskeletal (PS) with tumour masses arising from skeletal lesions. The incidence of EMD and PS plasmacytomas at diagnosis ranges from 1·7% to 4·5% and 7% to 34·4% respectively. EMD disease is often associated with high‐risk cytogenetics, resistance to therapy and worse prognosis than in PS involvement. In patients with PS involvement a proteasome inhibitor‐based regimen may be the best option followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in transplant eligible patients. In patients with EMD disease who are not eligible for ASCT, a proteasome inhibitor‐based regimen such as lenalidomide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone (RVD) may be the best option, while for those eligible for high‐dose therapy a myeloma/lymphoma‐like regimen such as bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD)‐RVD/cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide (PACE) followed by SCT should be considered. In both EMD and PS disease at relapse many strategies have been tried, but this remains a high‐unmet need population.
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Self-citationThe Arkansas approach to therapy of patients with multiple myeloma
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Extensive soft‐tissue involvement by plasmablastic myeloma arising from displaced humeral fractures
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Extramedullary Myeloma Spread Triggered by Surgical Procedures: An Emerging Entity?
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Plasmacytomas in Multiple Myeloma: 45-Years Experience from a Single Institution
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Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
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Self-citationExtramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a systematic literature review
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- Authors
- Rosiñol, L., Beksac, M., Zamagni, E., Van de Donk, N. W. C. J., Anderson, K. C., Badros, A., Caers, J., Cavo, M., Dimopoulos, M., Dispenzieri, A., Einsele, H., Engelhardt, M., Fernández de Larrea, C., Gahrton, G., Gay, F., Hájek, R., Hungria, V., Jurczyszyn, A., Kröger, N., Kyle, R. A., Leal da Costa, F., Leleu, X., Lentzsch, S., Mateos, M. V., Merlini, G., Mohty, M., Moreau, P., Rasche, L., Reece, D., Sezer, O., Sonneveld, P., Usmani, S. Z., Vanderkerken, K., Vesole, D. H., Waage, A., Zweegman, S., Richardson, P. G., & Bladé, J.
- Affiliations
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- Department of Hematology Ankara University Ankara Turkey
- Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna (IT)
- Department of Hematology Amsterdam UMC VU University Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (BE)
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli” Dipartamento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università degli Studi Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Department of Hematology Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Citta' della Salute e della Scienza di Torino (IT)
- University of Ostrava (CZ)
- Clinica São Germano São Paulo Brazil
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Lisboa Portugal
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers (FR)
- Columbia University (US)
- IBSAL Cancer Research Center University Hospital of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (FR)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Berlín Germany
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (NL)
- Levine Cancer Institute (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- Hackensack Meridian Health (US)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Rosiñol, Laura
- ORCID
- Rosiñol, Laura
- Beksac, Meral
- Zamagni, Elena
- Anderson, Kenneth C.
- Badros, Ashraf
- Caers, Jo
- Dimopoulos, Meletios‐Athanasios
- Dispenzieri, Angela
- Einsele, Hermann
- Engelhardt, Monika
- Gahrton, Gösta
- Gay, Francesca
- Hájek, Roman
- Jurczyszyn, Artur
- Kröger, Nicolaus
- Kyle, Robert A.
- Leleu, Xavier
- Lentzsch, Suzanne
- Mateos, Maria V.
- Merlini, Giampaolo
- Mohty, Mohamad
- Moreau, Philippe
- Rasche, Leo
- Reece, Donna
- Sezer, Orhan
- Sonneveld, Pieter
- Usmani, Saad Z.
- Vanderkerken, Karin
- Waage, Anders
- Zweegman, Sonja
- Richardson, Paul G.
- Bladé, Joan
- Venue
- British Journal of Haematology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-16
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 496-507
- ISSN
- 0007-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2141
- OpenAlex
- W3138534794
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Haematology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI12/01093)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
- Keywords
- soft tissue plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, extramedullary disease, hematogenous spread, proteasome inhibitors, autologous stem cell transplantation, high-dose therapy, relapsed multiple myeloma, treatment resistance, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, Animals, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone, Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Plasmacytoma, Prognosis, Transplantation, Autologous, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Disease Management
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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