The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
‘They will not control us’: Ingroup positivity and belief in intergroup conspiracies
Open accessAbstract
This research examined the role of different forms of positive regard for the ingroup in predicting beliefs in intergroup conspiracies. Collective narcissism reflects a belief in ingroup greatness contingent on others’ recognition. We hypothesized that collective narcissism should be especially likely to foster outgroup conspiracy beliefs. Non‐narcissistic ingroup positivity, on the other hand, should predict a weaker tendency to believe in conspiracy theories. In Study 1, the endorsement of conspiratorial explanations of outgroup actions was positively predicted by collective narcissism but negatively by non‐narcissistic ingroup positivity. Study 2 showed that the opposite effects of collective narcissism and non‐narcissistic ingroup positivity on conspiracy beliefs were mediated via differential perceptions of threat. Study 3 manipulated whether conspiracy theories implicated ingroup or outgroup members. Collective narcissism predicted belief in outgroup conspiracies but not in ingroup conspiracies, while non‐narcissistic ingroup positivity predicted lower conspiracy beliefs, regardless of them being ascribed to the ingroup or the outgroup.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In keeping with this defensive motivation, conspiracy belief is associated with narcissism—an inflated view of oneself that requires external validation and is linked to paranoid ideation (Cichocka, Marchlewska, & Golec de Zavala, 2016).”
From The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories (2017) · cites this paper as Cichocka, Marchlewska, & Golec de Zavala, 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Polish collective narcissism was also related to the belief that Western countries conspired to undermine the significance of Poland as a major contributor to the collapse of the Eastern European communist regimes.”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Cichocka et al., 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies also showed that Polish collective narcissists believed in conspiratorial explanations of the 2010 crash of the Polish presidential plane on the way to Smolensk, Russia (Cichocka, Marchlewska, Golec de Zavala, & Olechowski, 2016;Golec de Zavala, 2017).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Cichocka, Marchlewska, Golec de Zavala, & Olechowski, 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, research shows that (1) collective narcissism is related to conspiratorial thinking and a conviction that certain outgroups secretly plot against the ingroup,”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Cichocka et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Conspiracy belief is also predicted by collective narcissism—a belief in the in-group’s greatness paired with a belief that other people do not appreciate it enough (Cichocka, Marchlewska, Golec de Zavala, & Olechowski, 2016).”
From The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories (2017) · cites this paper as Cichocka, Marchlewska, Golec de Zavala, & Olechowski, 2016
In the citing paper
“grandiose beliefs about the nation [21, 22, 23*].”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“conspiracy beliefs are higher when people want to (1) feel good about themselves and the groups they belong to [31,32,21]”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“research suggests that people who believe in their group's superiority but are anxious about its recognition are drawn to conspiracy theories about outgroup members [21, see also 22,23*].”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“If this is the case, we can expect conspiracy theories to be particularly appealing to people who find the positive image of their self or in-group to be threatened (Cichocka, Marchlewska, & Golec de Zavala, 2016).”
From The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories (2017) · cites this paper as Cichocka, Marchlewska, & Golec de Zavala, 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2013) · Cited by 44,563
A Collective Self-Esteem Scale: Self-Evaluation of One’s Social Identity
Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167292183006 · Cited by 3,057
Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135228 · Cited by 1,845
Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Spears, R. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144 · Cited by 1,826 · cited 3×
“First, we asked participants to fill outmeasures of national collective narcissism (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009; Golec de Zavala, Cichocka, & Bilewicz, 2013) and ingroup positivity (operationalized as group-level self-investment; Leach et al., 2008).”
Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context.
Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.602 · Cited by 1,696
The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice.
Wright, S. C., Aron, A. P., McLaughlin‐Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.73 · Cited by 1,447
A Three-Factor Model of Social Identity
Cameron, J. E. (2004) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/13576500444000047 · Cited by 1,309
Kay, A. C., & Jost, J. T. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.823 · Cited by 1,132
Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception
Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159845 · Cited by 1,119
Goertzel, T. (1994) · Political Psychology · doi:10.2307/3791630 · Cited by 1,094 · cited 2×
“…(Whitson, Galinsky, & Kay, 2015), low self-esteem (Abalakina-Paap et al., 1999; Swami et al., 2011), and a lack of understanding of the sociopolitical reality (Abalakina-Paap et al., 1999; Goertzel, 1994; Imhoff & Bruder, 2014; Swami, Chamorro-Premuzic, & Furnham, 2010; Swami et al., 2011).”
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Golec A., 2001, Konserwatyzm polityczny i potrzeba domknięcia poznawczego w badaniach polskich. [Political conservatism and the need for cognitive closure in Polish studies], Studia Psychologiczne, 1, 423
- 10.10371/0022‐3514.79.4.602 · DOI
- Muthén L. L., 1998, Mplus user's guide seventh edition
- Skarżyńska K., 2012, Grupowa martyrologia: Psychologiczne funkcje przekonań o narodowej krzywdzie. [Group martyrdom: Psychological functions of beliefs about national victimhood], Psychologia Społeczna, 7, 335
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response
Bavel, J. J. V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., et al. (2020) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z · Cited by 4,964
Self-citationUnderstanding Conspiracy Theories
Douglas, K. M., Uscinski, J. E., Sutton, R. M., Cichocka, A., Nefes, T., Ang, C. S., & Deravi, F. (2019) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12568 · Cited by 1,511
Self-citationThe Psychology of Conspiracy Theories
Douglas, K. M., Sutton, R. M., & Cichocka, A. (2017) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721417718261 · Cited by 1,316
Self-citationAnti-Gender Politics in the Populist Moment
Graff, A., & Korolczuk, E. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003133520 · Cited by 576
Belief in conspiracy theories: Basic principles of an emerging research domain
van Prooijen, J., & Douglas, K. M. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2530 · Cited by 483
Metadata
- Authors
- Cichocka, A., Marchlewska, M., Golec de Zavala, A., & Olechowski, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Kent (GB)
- University of Warsaw (PL)
- Department of Psychology University of Social Sciences and Humanities Poznań Poland
- Corresponding author
- Cichocka, Aleksandra
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-10-28
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 556-576
- ISSN
- 0007-1269 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8295
- OpenAlex
- W1872162015
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 30.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- Repositório do ISCTE-IUL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki (DEC‐2011/01/B/HS6/04637)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- collective narcissism, conspiracy beliefs, conspiracy theories, intergroup relations, social identity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Regression Analysis, Self Concept, Social Identification, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
