Sex-specific autistic endophenotypes induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid involve anandamide signalling
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Background and Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females. Prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) is an environmental risk factor of ASD. Male rats prenatally exposed to VPA show socio‐emotional autistic‐like dysfunctions that have been related to changes in the activity of the endocannabinoid anandamide. Here, we have investigated if prenatal VPA induced sex‐specific autistic endophenotypes involving anandamide signalling. Experimental Approach: We studied sex‐specific differences in the ASD‐like socio‐emotional, cognitive and repetitive symptoms displayed during development of Wistar rats of both sexes, prenatally exposed to VPA. The involvement of anandamide was followed by Western blotting of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors and by inhibiting its metabolism. Key Results: Female rats were less vulnerable to the deleterious effects of prenatal VPA exposure on social communication, emotional reactivity and cognitive performance than male rats. Conversely, as observed in male rats, prenatal VPA exposure induced selective deficits in social play behaviour and stereotypies in the female rat offspring. At the neurochemical level, prenatal VPA exposure altered phosphorylation of CB 1 receptors in a sex‐specific, age‐specific and tissue‐specific manner. Enhancing anandamide signalling through inhibition of its degradation reversed the behavioural deficits displayed by VPA‐exposed animals of both sexes. Conclusions and Implications: These findings highlight sexually dimorphic consequences of prenatal VPA exposure that may be related to sex‐specific effects of VPA on endocannabinoid neurotransmission in the course of development and introduce a new therapeutic target for reversing autistic‐like symptoms in both sexes.
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Some of the changes in VPA-exposed rats were sex-dependent.
“Intriguingly, some of these changes were sex-dependent [56,57].”
From Loss of Mevalonate/Cholesterol Homeostasis in the Brain: A Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rett Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Melancia, F., Schiavi, S., Servadio, M., Cartocci, V., Campolongo, P., Palmery, M., Pallottini, V., & Trezza, V.
- Affiliations
- Roma Tre University (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Trezza, Viviana
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08-09
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 3699-3712
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC6109221
- OpenAlex
- W2810453228
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Iris (Roma Tre University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondation Jérôme Lejeune (1674)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, valproic acid, prenatal drug exposure, sex differences, anandamide, endocannabinoid system, social communication, emotional reactivity, stereotypy, antiepileptic drugs, rat model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anticonvulsants, Arachidonic Acids, Autistic Disorder, Behavior, Animal, Female, Hydrolysis, Locomotion, Male, Phenotype, Phosphorylation, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Sex Factors, Valproic Acid, Signal Transduction, Rats, Wistar, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Rats, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Endocannabinoids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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