Unusual repertoire of vocalizations in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism
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BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that displays social abnormalities and repetitive behaviors analogous to the first and third diagnostic symptoms of autism. Here we investigate ultrasonic vocalizations in BTBR, to address the second diagnostic symptom of autism, communication deficits. As compared to the commonly used C57BL/6J (B6) strain, BTBR pups called more loudly and more frequently when separated from their mothers and siblings. Detailed analysis of ten categories of calls revealed an unusual pattern in BTBR as compared to B6. BTBR emitted high levels of harmonics, two-syllable, and composite calls, but minimal numbers of chevron-shaped syllables, upward, downward, and short calls. Because body weights were higher in BTBR than B6 pups, one possible explanation was that larger thoracic size was responsible for the louder calls and different distribution of syllable categories. To test this possibility, we recorded separation calls from FVB/NJ, a strain with body weights similar to BTBR, and 129X1/SvJ, a strain with body weights similar to B6. BTBR remained the outlier on number of calls, displaying low numbers of complex, upward, chevron, short, and frequency steps calls, along with high harmonics and composites. Further, developmental milestones and growth rates were accelerated in BTBR, indicating an unusual neurodevelopmental trajectory. Overall, our findings demonstrate strain-specific patterns of ultrasonic calls that may represent different lexicons, or innate variations in complex vocal repertoires, in genetically distinct strains of mice. Particularly intriguing is the unusual pattern of vocalizations and the more frequent, loud harmonics evident in the BTBR mouse model of autism that may resemble the atypical vocalizations seen in some autistic infants.
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Several naturally occurring inbred strains of mice display behavioral features that recapitulate diagnostic symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders.
“Several naturally occurring inbred strains of mice display behavioral features that recapitulate diagnostic symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders (59–70).”
From Negative allosteric modulation of the mGluR5 receptor reduces repetitive behaviors and rescues social deficits in mouse models of autism (2012) · cites this paper as [66]
BTBR T+tf/J mice display behavioral phenotypes relevant to all three diagnostic symptoms of autism.
“BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) is a commercially available inbred strain of mouse that displays behavioral phenotypes relevant to all three diagnostic symptoms of autism (60–62, 64, 66, 68–70, 72, 74–78).”
From Negative allosteric modulation of the mGluR5 receptor reduces repetitive behaviors and rescues social deficits in mouse models of autism (2012) · cites this paper as [66]
BTBR mice exhibit core ASD symptoms, including abnormal social behavior.
“The BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) inbred mouse line exhibits the core ASD symptoms, including abnormal social behavior (McFarlane et al., 2008; Scattoni et al., 2008).”
From Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as Scattoni et al., 2008
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Reduced scent marking and ultrasonic vocalizations in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism
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Self-citationMotor and cognitive stereotypies in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism
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Aberrant immune responses in a mouse with behavioral disorders
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The BTBR T+tf/J mouse model for autism spectrum disorders–in search of biomarkers
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Low stress reactivity and neuroendocrine factors in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism
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Self-citationMice do not require auditory input for the normal development of their ultrasonic vocalizations
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“The BTBR T+tf/J mouse (referred to as BTBR here-in) is an inbred strain that has recently been described to exhibit behaviors relevant to autism, including asocial behavior, repetitive behavior, and atypical vocalizations (Moy et al., 2007; McFarlane et al., 2008; Scattoni et al., 2008, 2011).”
BackgroundInflammatory profiles in the BTBR mouse: how relevant are they to autism spectrum disorders?
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The autism diagnosis in translation: shared affect in children and mouse models of ASD
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Effects of maternal or paternal bisphenol A exposure on offspring behavior
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- Authors
- Scattoni, M. L., Gandhy, S. U., Ricceri, L., & Crawley, J. N.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2008-08-27
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e3067
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2516927
- OpenAlex
- W2153617971
- Cited by
- 550
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 14.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (Z01-MH-002498, Z01MH002498)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, ultrasonic vocalizations, vocal repertoire, harmonics, communication difficulties, C57BL/6J mice
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Autistic Disorder, Body Weight, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Inbred Strains, Sound Spectrography, Ultrasonics, Vocalization, Animal, Body Size, Mice
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