CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 49Identity, Memory, and TherapyPsychosocial Factors Impacting YouthPsychological and Temporal Perspectives Research

Diverse-and-Dynamic Pathways in Educational and Interpersonal Identity Formation during Adolescence: Longitudinal Links With Psychosocial Functioning

Open access
Hatano, Kai, Sugimura, Kazumi, Crocetti, Elisabetta, Meeus, Wim H J·2020·Child Development
DOI 10.1111/cdev.13301
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relations between educational and interpersonal identity trajectories and psychosocial functioning based on a three-factor identity process model. A total of 968 Japanese adolescents including 13- and 16-years-olds (49.7% female) participated in a four-wave longitudinal study. Latent class growth analysis extracted five identity trajectories in each educational and interpersonal identity domain and revealed (a) high prevalence of low commitment identity trajectories, (b) absence of the closure trajectory, and (c) changeable identity trajectories that have not been identified in Western context (i.e., the Netherlands). Furthermore, a latent change model revealed dynamic relations between identity trajectories and psychosocial functioning. These findings provide critical insights into the diverse and dynamic pathways of identity formation during adolescence in Japan.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/cdev.13301

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • One study found that high depression and anxiety symptoms did predict higher identity confusion.

    “one of these studies found that high depression and anxiety symptoms did predict higher identity confusion”

    From Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Hatano et al., 2020

    The ‘Identity Processes, Trajectories, and Their Associations’ section identifies anxiety and depression as internalizing problems. The ‘Relations Among Identity Trajectories, Subjective Well-Being, and Psychosocial Problems’ section reports an association between internalizing problems and moratorium identity trajectories. It does not report that depression and anxiety symptoms predicted later identity confusion; the paper analyzes associations with identity trajectories, not that directional prediction. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • One study found no effect of elevated identity confusion on depressive symptoms.

    “one found no such effect”

    From Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Hatano et al., 2020

    Table 6 (presented under Conclusion; page unavailable) shows no significant association between the reported identity trajectories and change in internalizing problems, which partly supports a claim about no effect over time. But the paper does not report a separate result for depressive symptoms or measure an 'elevated identity confusion' group; its Results section also reports that moratorium trajectories were positively associated with the level of internalizing problems. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Visual inspection of the forest plot suggests that two studies by the same research group, drawing participants from the same cohort, found effects in the opposite direction to the other studies (increasing identity confusion), driving the counter-intuitive finding of no significant change in identity confusion.

    “Visual inspection of the forest plot suggests that two studies - by the same research group, and drawing participants from the same cohort - found effects in the opposite direction to the other studies (i.e., increasing identity confusion), driving this counter-intuitive finding (Hatano et al., 2019; Hatano et al., 2020).”

    From Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Hatano et al., 2020

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Several studies found evidence for an overlap between identity development and depression and anxiety symptoms, such that adolescents and emerging adults in identity development trajectories characterized by high synthesis and low confusion had fewer depression and anxiety symptoms than those in trajectories characterized by low synthesis and high confusion.

    “Several studies found evidence for an overlap between identity development and depression and anxiety symptoms, such that adolescents and emerging adults in identity development trajectories characterized by high synthesis and low confusion had fewer depression and anxiety symptoms than those in identity development trajectories characterized by low synthesis and high confusion (Becht et al., 2016”

    From Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Hatano et al., 2020

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • There was some evidence that depression, anxiety and eating disorder symptoms impact identity development, such that elevated symptoms were associated with identity development difficulties (low identity synthesis/high identity confusion) later in adolescence.

    “There was some evidence that depression, anxiety and eating disorder symptoms impact identity development, such that elevated symptoms were associated with identity development difficulties (i.e., low identity synthesis/high identity confusion) later in adolescence (Hatano et al., 2020; Schwartz et al., 2012; van Doeselaar et al., 2018; Verschueren et al., 2018; Verschueren et al., 2021).”

    From Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Hatano et al., 2020

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 40

  1. Albarello, F., Crocetti, E., & Rubini, M. (2018). I and us: A longitudinal study on the interplay of personal and social identity in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Ado- lescence, 47, 689-702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964- 017-0791-4 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Arnett, J. J., Zukauskien_ e, R., & Sugimura, K. (2014). The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18-29 years: Implications for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry, 1, 569- 576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00080-7 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Brinton, M. C. (2011). Lost in transition: Youth, work, and instability in postindustrial Japan. New York, NY: Cam- bridge University Press.
  4. Crocetti, E. (2017). Identity formation in adolescence: The dynamic of forming and consolidating identity commit- ments. Child Development Perspectives, 11, 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12226 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Crocetti, E. (2018). Identity dynamics in adolescence: Pro- cesses, antecedents, and consequences. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15, 11-23. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17405629.2017.1405578 · DOI
  6. Crocetti, E., Cieciuch, J., Gao, C. H., Klimstra, T., Lin, C. L., Matos, P. M., . . . Meeus, W. H. J. (2015). National and gender measurement invariance of the Utrecht- Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS): A ten-nation study. Assessment, 22, 753-768. https://d oi.org/10.1177/1073191115584969 · DOI
  7. Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2008). Captur- ing the dynamics of identity formation in various eth- nic groups: Development and validation of a three- dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.002 · DOI
  8. Crocetti, E., Schwartz, S., Fermani, A., Klimstra, T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2012). A cross-national study of iden- tity statuses in Dutch and Italian adolescents: Status distributions and correlates. European Psychologist, 17, 171-181. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000076 · DOI
  9. Crocetti, E., Scrignaro, M., Sica, L. S., & Magrin, M. E. (2012). Correlates of identity configurations: Three stud- ies with adolescent and emerging adult cohorts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 732-748. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10964-011-9702-2 · DOI
  10. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Person- ality Assessment, 49, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15327752jpa4901_13 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Dimitrova, R., Buzea, C., Tau sov a, J., Uka, F., Zakaj, S., & Crocetti, E. (2018). Relationships between identity domains and life satisfaction in minority and majority youth in Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Kosovo, and Romania. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15, 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2017.1336997 · DOI
  12. Galliher, R. V., McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (2017). An integrated developmental model for studying identity content in context. Developmental Psychology, 53, 2011- 2022. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000299 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Ques- tionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j. 1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · DOI · Paper page
  14. Goossens, L. (2001). Global versus domain-specific sta- tuses in identity research: A comparison of two self-re- port measures. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 681-699. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2001.0438 · DOI
  15. Hatano, K., & Sugimura, K. (2017). Is Adolescence a per- iod of identity formation for all youth? Insights from a four-wave longitudinal study of identity dynamics in Japan. Developmental Psychology, 53, 2113-2126. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000354 · DOI
  16. Hatano, K., Sugimura, K., & Crocetti, E. (2016). Looking at the dark and bright sides of identity formation: New insights from adolescents and emerging adults in Japan. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 156-168. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.09.008 · DOI
  17. Jackson, J. J., & Allemand, M. (2014). Moving personality development research forward: Applications using structural equation models. European Journal of Personal- ity, 28, 300-310. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1964 · DOI
  18. Kadono, Y. (1994). Jinsei ni taisuru manzokudo syakudo (the Satisfaction with Life Scale: SWLS) nihongo ban sakusei no kokoromi [Development of a Japanese version of the sat- isfaction with life scale (SWLS)]. Poster presented at the 36th Conference of the Japanese association of Educa- tional Psychology, September 28-30, Kyoto, Japan.
  19. Kara s, D., & Cieciuch, J. (2018). The relationship between identity processes and well-being in various life domains. Personality and Individual Differences, 121, 111- 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.027 · DOI
  20. Klimstra, T. A., Hale, W. W. III, Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2010). Identity for- mation in adolescence: Change or stability? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 150-162. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10964-009-9401-4 · DOI
  21. Klimstra, T. A., & van Doeselaar, L. V. (2017). Identity formation in adolescence and young adulthood. In J. Specht (Ed.), Personality development across the life span (pp. 293-308). London, UK: Academic Press.
  22. Kroger, J., & Marcia, J. E. (2011). The identity statuses: Origins, meanings, and interpretations. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 31-53). New York, NY: Springer.
  23. Little, R. J. A. (1988). A test of missing completely at ran- dom for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83, 1198-1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Luyckx, K., Seiffge-Krenke, I., Schwartz, S. J., Crocetti, E., & Klimstra, T. A. (2014). Identity configurations across love and work in emerging adults in romantic relation- ships. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35, 192-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.03.007 · DOI
  25. McArdle, J. J., & Nesselroade, J. R. (1994). Using multi- variate data to structure developmental change. In H. W. Reese & S. H. Cohen (Eds.), Lifespan developmental psychology: Methodological contributions (pp. 223-267).
  26. Meeus, W. H. J. (2011). The study of adolescent identity formation 2000-2010: A review of longitudinal research. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 75-94. https://d oi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00716.x · DOI
  27. Meeus, W. H. J., Iedema, J., Helsen, M., & Vollebergh, W. (1999). Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis. Develop- mental Review, 19, 419-461. https://doi.org/10.1006/d rev.1999.0483 · DOI
  28. Meeus, W. H. J., van de Schoot, R., Keijsers, L., & Branje, S. (2012). Identity statuses as developmental trajecto- ries: A five-wave longitudinal study in early-to-middle and middle-to-late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1008-1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10964-011-9730-y · DOI
  29. Meeus, W. H. J., van de Schoot, R., Keijsers, L., Schwartz, S. J., & Branje, S. (2010). On the progression and stabil- ity of adolescent identity formation: A five-wave longi- tudinal study in early-to-middle and middle-to-late adolescence. Child Development, 81, 1565-1581. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01492.x · DOI · Paper page
  30. Mors€ unb€ ul, € U., Crocetti, E., Cok, F., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2016). Identity statuses and psychosocial functioning in Turkish youth: A person-centered approach. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.adolescence.2015.09.001 · DOI
  31. Muth en, L. K., & Muth en, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus user's guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
  32. Phinney, J. S., & Baldelomar, O. A. (2011). Identity devel- opment in multiple cultural contexts. In L. A. Jensen (Ed.), Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology: New syntheses in theory, research, and policy (pp. 161-186). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  33. Pop, E., Negru-Subtirica, O., Crocetti, E., & Meeus, W. (2016). On the interplay between academic achievement and educational identity: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.adolescence.2015.11.004 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Shaw, D. S., Gilliom, M., Ingoldsby, E. M., & Nagin, D. (2003). Trajectories leading to school age conduct problems. Developmental Psychology, 39, 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.189 · DOI
  35. Shimai, S., Otake, K., Utuki, N., Ikemi, A., & Lyubo- mirsky, S. (2004). Nihonban syulanteki koufukukan syakudo (Subjective Happiness Scale: SHS) no shinrai- sei to datousei no kentou [Development of a Japanese version of the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and examination of its validity and reliability]. Japanese Jour- nal of Public Health, 51, 845-853. https://doi.org/10. 11236/jph. · DOI
  36. 10_845 Siennick, S. E., & Staff, J. (2008). Explaining the educa- tional deficits of delinquent youths. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 46, 609-635. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00118.x Statistics Bureau of Japan. (2018). Gakkou kihon chousa [School Basic Survey]. Retrieved from http://www.me xt.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/chousa01/kihon/sonota/ 1355787.htm · DOI
  37. Sugimura, K., Matsushima, K., Hihara, S., Takahashi, M., & Crocetti, E. (2018). A culturally sensitive approach to the relationships between identity formation and reli- gious beliefs in youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48, 668-679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0920-8 · DOI
  38. Sugimura, K., & Mizokami, S. (2012). Personal Identity in Japan. Identity Around the World. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 138, 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20025 · DOI
  39. van de Vijver, F. J. R., Breugelmans, S. M., & Schalk-Soe- kar, S. (2008). Multiculturalism: Construct validity and stability. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.11.001 · DOI
  40. van Doeselaar, L. V., Becht, A. I., Klimstra, T. A., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2018). A review and integration of three key components of identity development: Distinc- tiveness, coherence, and continuity. European Psycholo- gist, 23, 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/ a000334 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hatano, K., Sugimura, K., Crocetti, E., & Meeus, W. H. J.
Affiliations
  • Osaka Prefecture University (JP)
  • Hiroshima University (JP)
  • University of Bologna (IT)
  • Utrecht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Hatano, Kai
ORCID
Venue
Child Development
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2020-07-01
Volume
91
Issue
4
Pages
1203-1218
ISSN
  • 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-8624
DOI
10.1111/cdev.13301
OpenAlex
W2971017455
Cited by
49
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
FWCI
6.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Child Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18K13299)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
Keywords
identity construction, educational identity, interpersonal identity, identity trajectories, psychosocial functioning, identity commitment, personal transformation, adolescents, Japanese adolescents
MeSH terms
Psychosocial Functioning, Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Identification, Psychological, Japan, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Personality Development, Social Identification, Adolescent Development

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review