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Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in the 21st century: an international comparison
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: Improving glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes is known to reduce complications. Our aim was to compare glycaemic control among people with Type 1 diabetes using data gathered in regional or national registries. METHODS: Data were obtained for children and/or adults with Type 1 diabetes from the following countries (or regions): Western Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Champagne-Ardenne (France), Germany, Epirus, Thessaly and Thessaloniki (Greece), Galway (Ireland), several Italian regions, Latvia, Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Otago (New Zealand), Norway, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Volyn (Ukraine), USA and Wales) from population or clinic-based registries. The sample size with available data varied from 355 to 173 880. Proportions with HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) and ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%) were compared by age and sex. RESULTS: Data were available for 324 501 people. The proportions with HbA1c 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) varied from 15.7% to 46.4% among 44 058 people aged < 15 years, from 8.9% to 49.5% among 50 766 people aged 15-24 years and from 20.5% to 53.6% among 229 677 people aged ≥ 25 years. Sex differences in glycaemic control were small. Proportions of people using insulin pumps varied between the 12 sources with data available. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there are substantial variations in glycaemic control among people with Type 1 diabetes between the data sources and that there is room for improvement in all populations, especially in young adults.
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“Given that fewer than one‐half of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) currently meet recommended HbA1c targets (generally <7.0%), diabetes technologies are important tools for improving glycaemic outcomes while reducing diabetes burden.”
From Social disadvantage and technology use among adults with type 1 diabetes in Quebec: A cross‐sectional study using data from the Canadian T1D ( BETTER ) Registry (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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State of Type 1 Diabetes Management and Outcomes from the T1D Exchange in 2016–2018
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Self-citationType 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells
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Metadata
- Authors
- McKnight, J. A., Wild, S. H., Lamb, M. J. E., Cooper, M. N., Jones, T. W., Davis, E. A., Hofer, S., Fritsch, M., Schober, E., Svensson, J., Almdal, T., Young, R., Warner, J. T., Delemer, B., Souchon, P. F., Holl, R. W., Karges, W., Kieninger, D. M., Tigas, S., Bargiota, A., Sampanis, C., Cherubini, V., Gesuita, R., Strele, I., Pildava, S., Coppell, K. J., Magee, G., Cooper, J. G., Dinneen, S. F., Eeg‐Olofsson, K., Svensson, A. ‐., Gudbjornsdottir, S., Veeze, H., Aanstoot, H. ‐., Khalangot, M., Tamborlane, W. V., & Miller, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Herlev Hospital (DK)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales (GB)
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (FR)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University of Ioannina (GR)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Thessaly Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Fondazione Ospedale Salesi (IT)
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia
- The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia Riga Latvia
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Daisy Hill Hospital (GB)
- Norwegian Adult Diabetes Register, Noklus Bergen Norway
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Centre of Registers Vastra Gotaland (SE)
- Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
- Diabeter National Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Rotterdam the Netherlands
- V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (UA)
- Yale University (US)
- T1D Exchange (US)
- Corresponding author
- McKnight, J. A.
- ORCID
- McKnight, J. A.
- Wild, S. H.
- Lamb, M. J. E.
- Cooper, M. N.
- Jones, T. W.
- Davis, E. A.
- Hofer, S.
- Fritsch, M.
- Svensson, J.
- Almdal, T.
- Delemer, B.
- Holl, R. W.
- Tigas, S.
- Cherubini, V.
- Gesuita, R.
- Pildava, S.
- Coppell, K. J.
- Cooper, J. G.
- Dinneen, S. F.
- Eeg‐Olofsson, K.
- Veeze, H.
- Aanstoot, H.‐J.
- Khalangot, M.
- Tamborlane, W. V.
- Miller, K. M.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-02-21
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1036-1050
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2167121109
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13
- FWCI
- 17.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly) (submittedVersion)
- Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, cross-national comparison, diabetes registry, insulin pump therapy, young adults, sex differences, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Austria, Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, England, Female, France, Germany, Greece, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Male, Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Registries, Scotland, Sweden, Ukraine, United States, Wales, Western Australia, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Guideline Adherence, Young Adult
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