Transfer from paediatric to adult care for young adults with Type 2 diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
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Aim: To describe factors associated with transfer from paediatric to adult care and poor glycaemic control among young adults with Type 2 diabetes, using the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Methods: Young adults with Type 2 diabetes were included if they had a baseline SEARCH visit while in paediatric care at < 18 years and ≥ 1 follow‐up SEARCH visit thereafter at 18–25 years. At each visit, HbA 1c, BMI, self‐reported demographic and healthcare provider data were collected. Associations of demographic factors with transfer of care and poor glycaemic control (HbA 1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol; 9.0%) were explored with multivariable logistic regression. Results: 182 young adults with Type 2 diabetes (36% male, 75% minority, 87% with obesity) were included. Most (n = 102, 56%) reported transfer to adult care at follow‐up; a substantial proportion (n = 28, 15%) reported no care and 29% did not transfer. Duration of diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1, 1.8] and age at diagnosis (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4) predicted leaving paediatric care. Transfer to adult or no care was associated with a higher likelihood of poor glycaemic control at follow‐up (adult: OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.8, 11.2; none: OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.4, 14.6), independent of sex, age, race/ethnicity or baseline HbA 1c level. Conclusions: Young adults with Type 2 diabetes exhibit worsening glycaemic control and loss to follow‐up during the transfer from paediatric to adult care. Our study highlights the need for development of tailored clinical programmes and healthcare system policies to support the growing population of young adults with youth‐onset Type 2 diabetes.
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Exergaming at home or school raises physical activity in children and improves BMI z-score and cardiometabolic measures.
“Exergaming interventions at home and at school have been shown to increase physical activity in children and to improve BMI z-score and cardiometabolic parameters.1518–1520”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1520]
The Patients and methods > Variables section says BMI was converted to a z-score, but it does not report an improvement. Our copy concerns transfer from paediatric to adult diabetes care; searches for exergaming and exercise video games found no passage addressing home- or school-based interventions, physical activity gains, or improved cardiometabolic measures. Page numbers were not available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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- Authors
- Agarwal, S., Raymond, J. K., Isom, S., Lawrence, J. M., Klingensmith, G., Pihoker, C., Corathers, S., Saydah, S., D'Agostino, R. B., & Dabelea, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Children's Hospital Colorado (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Agarwal, S.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-03-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 504-512
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- PMC
- PMC6130201
- OpenAlex
- W2792343685
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1UC4DK108173‐01)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (U18DP006134, U48/CCU519239, U01 DP000248, 1U18DP002709)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U18DP006138, U48/CCU419249, U01 DP000254, U18DP002708)
- Seattle Children’s Hospital (U18DP006136, U58/CCU019235‐4, U01DP000244, U18DP002710‐01)
- Wake Forest University (U18DP006131, U48/CCU919219, U01 DP000250, 200‐2010‐35171)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, young adults, transition to adult care, care transitions, glycemic control, HbA1c, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, youth-onset diabetes, loss to follow-up, obesity, age at diagnosis, diabetes duration
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insurance, Health, Male, Treatment Outcome, Age of Onset, Age Distribution, Insurance Coverage, Young Adult, Transition to Adult Care
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