“I was ready for it at the beginning”: parent experiences with early introduction of continuous glucose monitoring following their child's type 1 diabetes diagnosis
Open accessAbstract
Aim: This study aimed to capture the experience of parents of youth with recent onset Type 1 diabetes who initiated use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology soon after diagnosis, which is a new practice. Methods: Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with parents of youth with Type 1 diabetes who had early initiation of CGM as part of a new clinical protocol. Interviewers used a semi‐structured interview guide to elicit feedback and experiences with starting CGM within 30 days of diagnosis, and the benefits and barriers they experienced when adjusting to this technology. Groups and interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using content analysis. Results: Participants were 16 parents (age 44.13 ± 8.43 years; 75% female; 56.25% non‐Hispanic White) of youth (age 12.38 ± 4.15 years; 50% female; 50% non‐Hispanic White; diabetes duration 10.35 ± 3.89 months) who initiated CGM 11.31 ± 7.33 days after diabetes diagnosis. Overall, parents reported high levels of satisfaction with starting CGM within a month of diagnosis and described a high level of reliance on the technology to help manage their child's diabetes. All participants recommended early CGM initiation for future families and were committed to continue using the technology for the foreseeable future, provided that insurance covered it. Conclusion: Parents experienced CGM initiation shortly after their child's Type 1 diabetes diagnosis as a highly beneficial and essential part of adjusting to living with diabetes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In youth with type 1 diabetes, starting CGM soon after diagnosis lowers A1C and is associated with high parental satisfaction and reliance on CGM for diabetes management.
“In addition, early CGM initiation after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in youth has been shown to decrease A1C levels and is associated with high parental satisfaction and reliance on this technology for diabetes management (5,6).”
From 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · see citing works
Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research: A Synthesis of Recommendations
O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000388 · Cited by 12,211 · see citing works
Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-117 · Cited by 10,865 · see citing works
Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers
Ruhl, K. (2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-1319 · Cited by 10,514 · see citing works
Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis.
(1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 4,133 · see citing works
International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring
Danne, T., Nimri, R., Battelino, T., Bergenstal, R. M., Close, K. L., DeVries, J. H., Garg, S., Heinemann, L., Hirsch, I., Amiel, S. A., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1600 · Cited by 2,069 · see citing works
Self-citationQualitative Research Practice : A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers
อรุณภาคย์, ก. (2012) · Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Kasetsart University · Cited by 1,779 · see citing works
Matrix Analysis as a Complementary Analytic Strategy in Qualitative Inquiry
Averill, J. B. (2002) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973230201200611 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
The Precision Medicine Initiative
Ashley, E. A. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3595 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Pickup, J. C., Freeman, S. C., & Sutton, A. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d3805 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Laffel, L. M., Kanapka, L. G., Beck, R. W., Bergamo, K., Clements, M. A., Criego, A., DeSalvo, D. J., Goland, R., Hood, K., Liljenquist, D., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6940 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Experience of Parents of Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Whittemore, R., Jaser, S. S., Chao, A. M., Jang, M., & Grey, M. J. (2012) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721712445216 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Evaluation of qualitative research studies
Russell, C. K., & Gregory, D. (2003) · Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebn.6.2.36 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Addala, A., Auzanneau, M., Miller, K., Maier, W., Foster, N., Kapellen, T., Walker, A., Rosenbauer, J., Maahs, D. M., & Holl, R. W. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-0257 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Self-citation7. Diabetes Technology: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s007 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Messer, L. H., Tanenbaum, M. L., Cook, P. F., Wong, J. J., Hanes, S. J., Driscoll, K. A., & Hood, K. K. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0509 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of continuous glucose monitoring in children and adolescents *
Phillip, M., Danne, T., Shalitin, S., Buckingham, B. A., Laffel, L. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Battelino, T., & Participants, F. T. C. F. (2012) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00849.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Engler, R. L., Routh, T. L., & Lucisano, J. Y. (2017) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd17-0053 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Addala, A., Maahs, D. M., Scheinker, D., Chertow, S., Leverenz, B., & Prahalad, P. (2020) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13082 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrent Eligibility Requirements for CGM Coverage Are Harmful, Costly, and Unjustified
Anderson, J. E., Gavin, J. R., & Kruger, D. F. (2019) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0303 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Children With Diabetes—Updates, Unknowns, and Next Steps: First, Do No Extrapolation
DiMeglio, L. A., Albanese-O’Neill, A., Muñoz, C. E., & Maahs, D. M. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci20-0044 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationRankin, D., Harden, J., Waugh, N. R., Noyes, K., Barnard, K. D., & Lawton, J. (2014) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12244 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
CGM Benefits and Burdens: Two Brief Measures of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Messer, L. H., Cook, P. F., Tanenbaum, M. L., Hanes, S. J., Driscoll, K. A., & Hood, K. K. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296819832909 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationParental depression and diabetes-specific distress after the onset of type 1 diabetes in children
Noser, A. E., Dai, H., Marker, A. M., Raymond, J. K., Majidi, S., Clements, M. A., Stanek, K. R., & Patton, S. R. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000699 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Prahalad, P., Zaharieva, D. P., Addala, A., New, C., Scheinker, D., Desai, M., Hood, K., & Maahs, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00360 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCGM Initiation Soon After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Results in Sustained CGM Use and Wear Time
Prahalad, P., Addala, A., Scheinker, D., Hood, K. K., & Maahs, D. M. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1205 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationPrahalad, P., Addala, A., Buckingham, B. A., Wilson, D. M., & Maahs, D. M. (2018) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0204 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationEducating Families on Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Messer, L. H., Ruedy, K. J., Xing, D., et al. (2009) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721708325157 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Burckhardt, M., Abraham, M. B., Mountain, J. A., Coenen, D., Paniora, J., Clapin, H. F., Jones, T. W., & Davis, E. A. (2019) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0149 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Rankin, D., Harden, J., Waugh, N. R., Noyes, K., Barnard, K. D., Stephen, J., Robertson, K. J., Bath, L., Robertson, L., & Lawton, J. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12124 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescent, Young Adult, and Older Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Agarwal, S., & Cappola, A. R. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7058 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Putting Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Work for People With Type 1 Diabetes
Hood, K. K., DiMeglio, L. A., & Riddle, M. C. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0054 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [33]Scheinker D, Gu A, Grossman J, Population-Level Personalized Diabetes Management Facilitated by Analyses of Continuous Glucose Monitor Data and Telehealth Visits. Under review.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s007 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
7. Diabetes Technology: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes</i> — <i>2023</i>
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s007 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citation7. Diabetes Technology: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s007 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationPrahalad, P., Ding, V. Y., Zaharieva, D. P., Addala, A., Johari, R., Scheinker, D., Desai, M., Hood, K., & Maahs, D. M. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab859 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Tanenbaum, M. L., Zaharieva, D. P., Addala, A., Ngo, J., Prahalad, P., Leverenz, B., New, C., Maahs, D. M., & Hood, K. K.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanenbaum, Molly L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-04-21
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e14567-e14567
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- PMC
- PMC8480902
- OpenAlex
- W3147336444
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K12DK122550, K23DK119470, P30DK116074, R18DK122422)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring, parental experiences, youth with diabetes, diabetes management, technology acceptance, technology adoption barriers, insurance coverage
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Early Diagnosis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
