Effect of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide, compared to caloric restriction, on appetite, dietary intake, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic biomarkers: A randomized trial in adults with obesity and prediabetes
Open accessAbstract
Aims: To investigate the hypothesis that weight loss with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) liraglutide alone would lead to a greater reduction in the proportion of fat to lean tissue mass when compared to caloric restriction (CR) alone, as well as when compared to treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor, that also enhances GLP‐1 activity ‐ to determine the independent effects of each treatment. Methods: A total of 88 adults with obesity and prediabetes were randomized to 14 weeks of intervention with CR (−390 kcal/d), liraglutide (1.8 mg/d), or the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin (100 mg/d) as a weight‐neutral comparator. Changes between groups in appetite and hunger ratings measured via visual analogue scales, dietary intakes, body weight, body composition via dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and resting energy expenditure via indirect calorimetry were assessed using the Kruskal‐Wallis test or Pearson's chi‐squared test. Results: Weight loss ≥5% of baseline body weight occurred in 44% of participants in the CR group, 22% of the liraglutide group and 5% of the sitagliptin group ( p = 0.02). The ratio of fat to lean mass decreased by 6.5% in the CR group, 2.2% in the liraglutide group, and 0% in the sitagliptin group ( p = 0.02). Visceral fat reduced by 9.5% in the CR group, 4.8% in the liraglutide group, and 0% in the sitagliptin group ( p = 0.04). A spontaneous reduction in dietary simple carbohydrates in the CR group was associated with improved homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance score (HOMA‐IR). Conclusions: Although both liraglutide and CR are valuable strategies for cardiometabolic risk reduction, CR was associated with greater weight loss and more favourable improvements in body composition than treatment with liraglutide alone. Differences in the response to each of these interventions enables patients to be stratified to the most optimal intervention for their personal risk factors.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In one observational study, a larger reduction in added sugars and a greater increase in dietary protein were seen among participants receiving GLP-1s plus dietary counseling compared to GLP-1s alone.
“For instance, in one observational study, a larger reduction in added sugars and a greater increase in dietary protein were seen among participants receiving GLP‐1s plus dietary counseling compared to GLP‐1s alone [156].”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [156]
The Results (Effects of treatment on dietary intakes; page unavailable) report larger reductions in added sugars and a greater increase in protein’s share of calories with caloric restriction than with liraglutide. But Methods (Study design and Drug treatment; pages unavailable) describe a randomized trial with separate caloric-restriction and liraglutide groups, not an observational comparison of GLP-1 treatment plus dietary counseling against GLP-1 treatment alone. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies have demonstrated that reduced caloric intake accounts for much of the weight-reducing effect of incretin-mimetic drugs when used for the treatment of obesity.
“studies have demonstrated that reduced caloric intake accounts for much of their weight‐reducing effect when used for the treatment of obesity.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
The Introduction proposes that liraglutide-related weight loss may involve reduced appetite and energy intake. The Results report weight loss with liraglutide and reduced energy intake across all groups, but found no significant between-group difference in energy-intake reduction. The trial does not establish that reduced caloric intake accounts for much of liraglutide’s weight-loss effect, let alone that of incretin-mimetic drugs generally (page numbers unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncreasing protein intake is especially important for GLP-1-based treatments as there may be a shift in food preferences towards lower intake of high-nutritional quality protein compared with a standard calorie-restricted diet.
“Increasing protein intake is especially important for GLP-1-based treatments as there may be a shift in food preferences towards lower intake of high-nutritional quality protein compared with a standard calorie-restricted diet.75”
From Changes in lean body mass with <scp>glucagon‐like peptide</scp> ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
The Results (Effects of treatment on dietary intakes; page unavailable) report that protein’s share of calories increased more with calorie restriction than with liraglutide. The Discussion notes greater preservation of lean mass in the calorie-restriction group, providing some rationale for attention to protein intake. But it reports no significant between-group difference in food preferences and does not establish a shift away from high-nutritional-quality protein. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome evidence indicates an attenuation of the increase in protein intake, relative to total energy intake, with GLP-1RA therapies as compared to standard caloric restriction.
“some evidence indicates an attenuation of the increase in protein intake, relative to total energy intake, with GLP-1RA therapies as compared to standard caloric restriction [31].”
From Fundamental Body Composition Principles Provide Context for Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Loss With GLP-1 RA Treatments (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In a parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, in the group receiving 14 weeks of caloric restriction (CR) combined with dietary counseling, the percentage of calories from dietary protein increased significantly compared with liraglutide monotherapy, whereas changes in total energy intake were similar between groups.
“For instance, in a parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, 24-h dietary recall was used, and in the group receiving 14 weeks of CR combined with dietary counseling, the percentage of calories from dietary protein increased significantly compared with liraglutide monotherapy, whereas changes in total energy intake were similar between groups [110].”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the Risk of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity (2026) · cites this paper as [110]
In one observational study, a larger reduction in added sugars and a greater increase in dietary protein were seen among participants receiving GLP-1s plus dietary counseling compared to GLP-1s alone.
“For instance, in one observational study, a larger reduction in added sugars and a greater increase in dietary protein were seen among participants receiving GLP-1s plus dietary counseling compared to GLP-1s alone [147].”
In one observational study, a larger reduction in added sugars and a greater increase in dietary protein were seen among participants receiving GLP-1s plus dietary counseling compared to GLP-1s alone.
“For instance, in one observational study, a larger reduction in added sugars and a greater increase in dietary protein were seen among participants receiving GLP-1s plus dietary counseling compared to GLP-1s alone [156].”
Two studies compared IBTs with lifestyle modification programs and one compared liraglutide and lifestyle modification with sleeve gastrectomy.
“while two studies compared IBTs with lifestyle modification programs [61,90] and one compared liraglutide and lifestyle modification with sleeve gastrectomy [37]”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
The risk of lean mass depletion is further amplified in patients who experience appetite suppression, nausea, or food aversion during treatment, which can lead to reduced overall protein and energy intake.
“The risk of lean mass depletion is further amplified in patients who experience appetite suppression, nausea, or food aversion during treatment, which can lead to reduced overall protein and energy intake [32].”
From Unintended Consequences of Obesity Pharmacotherapy: A Nutritional Approach to Ensuring Better Patient Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Basit, A., Chan, J. C. N., Mbanya, J. C., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119 · Cited by 10,123 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Tsao, C. W., Aday, A. W., Almarzooq, Z. I., Alonso, A., Beaton, A. Z., Bittencourt, M. S., Boehme, A. K., Buxton, A. E., Carson, A. P., Commodore-Mensah, Y., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001052 · Cited by 5,987 · see citing works
Sontrop, J. M., Dixon, S. N., Garg, A. X., Jiménez, I. B., Dohein, O., Huang, S. S., & Clark, W. F. (2013) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000350377 · Cited by 5,903 · see citing works
New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism
Weir, J. B. D. V. (1949) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004363 · Cited by 5,608 · see citing works
Use and Abuse of HOMA Modeling
Wallace, T. M., Levy, J. C., & Matthews, D. R. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.6.1487 · Cited by 5,114 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was calculated from measured glucose and insulin levels as [fasting glucose (mg/dL) fasting insulin (mU/mL)]/405.(33) Lipid profiles were measured at the Vanderbilt Department of Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory via selective enzyme hydrolysis.”
MethodPrediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development
Tabák, A. G., Herder, C., Rathmann, W., Brunner, E. J., & Kivimäki, M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60283-9 · Cited by 2,958 · see citing works
Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange.
Frayn, K. N. (1983) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1983.55.2.628 · Cited by 2,365 · see citing works
Flint, A., Raben, A., Blundell, J., & Astrup, A. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801083 · Cited by 2,238 · see citing works
Moshfegh, A. J., Rhodes, D. G., Baer, D. J., Murayi, T., Clemens, J. C., Rumpler, W. V., Paul, D. R., Sebastian, R. S., Kuczynski, K. J., Ingwersen, L. A., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.324 · Cited by 1,988 · see citing works
Long-term weight loss maintenance
Wing, R. R., & Phelan, S. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.1.222s · Cited by 1,941 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While long-term maintenance of weight loss is possible, gradual weight regain occurs in up to 80% of intentional weight losers.(6) Increased appetite, dysregulated satiety, food preferences and the reward value of food contribute to vulnerability to weight regain.”
BackgroundDavies, M. J., Bergenstal, R., Bode, B., Kushner, R. F., Lewin, A., Skjøth, T. V., Andreasen, A. H., Jensen, C. B., DeFronzo, R. A., & for the NN8022-1922 Study Group (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9676 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
Astrup, A., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M. F., & Lean, M. E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61375-1 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Nordmann, A. J., Nordmann, A., Briel, M., Keller, U., Yancy, W. S., Brehm, B. J., & Bucher, H. C. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.3.285 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Introduction: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
American Diabetes Association (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-sint · Cited by 807 · see citing works
The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method Accurately Estimates Group Total Energy and Nutrient Intake
Blanton, C. A., Moshfegh, A. J., Baer, D. J., & Kretsch, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2594 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Blundell, J., Finlayson, G., Axelsen, M., Flint, A., Gibbons, C., Kvist, T., & Hjerpsted, J. B. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12932 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Stubbs, R. J., Hughes, D. A., Johnstone, A. M., Rowley, E., Reid, C., Elia, M., Stratton, R., Delargy, H., King, N., & Blundell, J. E. (2000) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114500001719 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Dysfunctional Adiposity and the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adults
Neeland, I. J., Turer, A. T., Ayers, C. R., Powell‐Wiley, T. M., Vega, G. L., Farzaneh‐Far, R., Grundy, S. M., Khera, A., McGuire, D. K., & de Lemos, J. A. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11132 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among Japanese Americans.
Boyko, E. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., Leonetti, D. L., & Newell‐Morris, L. L. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.4.465 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Conway, J. M., Ingwersen, L. A., & Moshfegh, A. J. (2004) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.007 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
van Can, J., Sloth, B., Jensen, C. B., Flint, A., Blaak, E. E., & Saris, W. H. M. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.162 · Cited by 537 · cited 6× · see citing works
“0 mg/d.(10,47,48) It is thought that these effects occur by activating GLP-1 receptors expressed on glutamatergic neurons in the hypothalamus.”
BackgroundInfluentialIdentifying Individuals at High Risk for Diabetes
Schmidt, M. I., Duncan, B. B., Bang, H., Pankow, J. S., Ballantyne, C. M., Golden, S. H., Folsom, A. R., Chambless, L. E., & for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Investigators (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.8.2013 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Preis, S., Massaro, J., Robins, S. J., Hoffmann, U., Vasan, R., Irlbeck, T., Meigs, J., Sutherland, P., D'Agostino, R. B., O'Donnell, C. J., et al. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.59 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
GLP-1 Receptor Activation Modulates Appetite- and Reward-Related Brain Areas in Humans
van Bloemendaal, L., IJzerman, R. G., ten Kulve, J. S., Barkhof, F., Konrad, R. J., Drent, M. L., Veltman, D. J., & Diamant, M. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0849 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson, K. W., Barry, M. J., Mangione, C. M., Cabana, M. D., Chelmow, D. P., Coker, T. R., Davis, E. M., Donahue, K. E., Jaén, C. R., et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4983 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Lingvay, I., Manghi, F. P., García-Hernández, P., Norwood, P., Lehmann, L., Tarp-Johansen, M. J., Buse, J. B., & for the DUAL V Investigators (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1252 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Glechner, A., Keuchel, L., Affengruber, L., Titscher, V., Sommer, I., Matyas, N., Wagner, G., Kien, C., Klerings, I., & Gartlehner, G. (2018) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2018.07.003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Polidori, D., Sanghvi, A., Seeley, R. J., & Hall, K. D. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21653 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Neeland, I. J., Marso, S. P., Ayers, C. R., Lewis, B., Oslica, R., Francis, W., Rodder, S., Pandey, A., & Joshi, P. H. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00179-0 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Horowitz, M., Flint, A., Jones, K. L., Hindsberger, C., Rasmussen, M. F., Kapitza, C., Doran, S., Jax, T., Zdravkovic, M., & Chapman, I. M. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.02.016 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Tan, C. Y., & Vidal‐Puig, A. (2008) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0360935 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Kadouh, H., Chedid, V., Halawi, H., Burton, D. D., Clark, M. M., Khemani, D., Vella, A., Acosta, A., & Camilleri, M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz140 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Adams, J. M., Pei, H., Sandoval, D. A., Seeley, R. J., Chang, R. B., Liberles, S. D., & Olson, D. P. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db17-1385 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationNauck, M., Rizzo, M., Johnson, A., Bosch-Traberg, H., Madsen, J., & Cariou, B. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2479 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Relative changes in resting energy expenditure during weight loss: a systematic review
Schwartz, A., & Doucet, É. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00654.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Bizino, M. B., Jazet, I. M., de Heer, P., van Eyk, H. J., Dekkers, I. A., Rensen, P. C. N., Paiman, E. H. M., Lamb, H. J., & Smit, J. W. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05021-6 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Low-carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the systematic reviews
Churuangsuk, C., Kherouf, M., Combet, E., & Lean, M. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12744 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Santilli, F., Simeone, P. G., Guagnano, M. T., Leo, M., Maccarone, M. T., Di Castelnuovo, A., Sborgia, C., Bonadonna, R. C., Angelucci, E., Federico, V., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-0589 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Bouchi, R., Nakano, Y., Fukuda, T., Takeuchi, T., Murakami, M., Minami, I., Izumiyama, H., Hashimoto, K., Yoshimoto, T., & Ogawa, Y. (2017) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0449 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Association of Central Adiposity With Adverse Cardiac Mechanics
Selvaraj, S., Martinez, E. E., Aguilar, F. G., Kim, K. A., Peng, J., Sha, J., Irvin, M. R., Lewis, C. E., Hunt, S. C., Arnett, D. K., et al. (2016) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.115.004396 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Low-carbohydrate versus balanced-carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk
Naude, C. E., Brand, A., Schoonees, A., Nguyen, K. A., Chaplin, M., & Volmink, J. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013334.pub2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Li, C., Yu, Q., Yu, P., Yu, T., Zhang, Q.-M., Lu, S., & Yu, D. M. (2014) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-13-36 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hwang, Y., Fujimoto, W. Y., Hayashi, T., Kahn, S. E., Leonetti, D. L., & Boyko, E. J. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3246 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tronieri, J. S., Wadden, T. A., Walsh, O., Berkowitz, R. I., Alamuddin, N., Gruber, K., Leonard, S., Bakizada, Z. M., & Chao, A. M. (2020) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-019-0348-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Howells, L., Musaddaq, B., McKay, A. J., & Majeed, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013806 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Inventing Liraglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue, for the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity
Knudsen, L. B. (2019) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.9b00048 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Storz, C., Heber, S. D., Rospleszcz, S., Machann, J., Sellner, S., Nikolaou, K., Lorbeer, R., Gatidis, S., Elser, S., Peters, A., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20170808 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Carbone, J. W., Margolis, L. M., McClung, J. P., Cao, J. J., Murphy, N. E., Sauter, E. R., Combs, G. F., Young, A. J., & Pasiakos, S. M. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-239228 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mashayekhi, M., Beckman, J. A., Nian, H., Garner, E. M., Mayfield, D., Wright, P., Howard, S. E., Perkins, B., Olson, D., Snyder, W. E., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14903 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationBailey, T. S., Takács, R., Tinahones, F. J., Rao, P. V., Tsoukas, G. M., Thomsen, A. B., Kaltoft, M. S., & Maislos, M. (2016) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12736 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rallidis, L. S., Barοutsi, K., Zolindaki, M., Karagianni, M., Varounis, C., Dagres, N., Lekakis, J. P., & ANASTASIOU‐NANA, M. I. (2014) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.017 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Douglas, S. M., & Leidy, H. J. (2019) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz061 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hughes‐Austin, J. M., Wassel, C. L., Jiménez, J. A., Criqui, M. H., Ix, J. H., Rasmussen‐Torvik, L. J., Budoff, M. J., Jenny, N. S., & Allison, M. (2014) · Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1177/1358863x14537545 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk
Naude, C. E., Schoonees, A., Nguyen, K. A., Senekal, M., Young, T., Garner, P., Chaplin, M., & Volmink, J. A. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013334 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wang, M., Luo, Y., Cai, H., Xu, L., Huang, M., Li, C., Dong, Z., Li, Z.-P., & Feng, S. (2019) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims.2019.06.01 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neeland, I. J., Linge, J., & Birkenfeld, A. L. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15728 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Karakasis, P., Patoulias, D., Fragakis, N., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2025) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156113 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Linge, J., Birkenfeld, A. L., & Neeland, I. J. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.067676 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity
Mechanick, J. I., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S. M., Hamdy, O., Li, Z., Prado, C. M., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13841 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Because the health benefits of obesity treatment generally outweigh these temporary challenges,”
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24336 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Christensen, S., Robinson, K., Thomas, S., & Williams, D. R. (2024) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100121 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials
Bikou, A., Dermiki-Gkana, F., Penteris, M., Constantinides, T. K., & Kontogiorgis, C. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2343092 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Tinsley, G. M., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2024) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae164 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Data were obtained from published GLP-1RA trials [31-36].”
BackgroundMethodJohnson, B., Milstead, M., Thomas, O., McGlasson, T., Green, L., Kreider, R., & Jones, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1566498 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Jalleh, R. J., Marathe, C. S., Rayner, C. K., Jones, K. L., Umapathysivam, M. M., Wu, T., Quast, D. R., Plummer, M. P., Nauck, M. A., & Horowitz, M. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae155 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Jiao, R., Lin, C., Cai, X., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Lv, F., Yang, W., & Ji, L. (2025) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16012 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Dubin, R. L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ravussin, E., & Greenway, F. L. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15913 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100181 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Medical Nutrition Therapy: Still Relevant in the Era of Pharmacotherapy for Obesity Care
Miller, C. K. (2025) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2024.06.222 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Al-Najim, W., Raposo, A., BinMowyna, M. N., & le Roux, C. W. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17111934 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kushner, R. F., Johansen, O. E., Araujo Torres, K., Phan, T.-M., & Marczewska, A. (2025) · Obesities · doi:10.3390/obesities5020029 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Silver, H. J., Olson, D., Mayfield, D., Wright, P., Nian, H., Mashayekhi, M., Koethe, J. R., Niswender, K. D., Luther, J. M., & Brown, N. J.
- Affiliations
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Silver, Heidi J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-15
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2340-2350
- ISSN
- 1462-8902 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-1326
- PMC
- PMC10544709
- OpenAlex
- W4376642783
- Semantic Scholar
- 3954b64cd85e26a00aabe233ee27d51b66d15e99
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 19.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (17SFRN33520017)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (CTSA award #UL1TR002243)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- liraglutide, caloric restriction, sitagliptin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, obesity, prediabetes, weight loss, body composition, visceral fat, appetite, dietary intake, insulin resistance, cardiometabolic risk, resting energy expenditure, HOMA-IR, cardiometabolic biomarkers, treatment stratification
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Sitagliptin Phosphate, Liraglutide, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Adult, Appetite, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases, Eating, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Obesity, Prediabetic State, Weight Loss, Caloric Restriction, Body Fat Distribution, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
