Albuminuria‐lowering effect of adding semaglutide on top of empagliflozin in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized and placebo‐controlled study
Open accessAbstract
Aim: To investigate whether combined treatment with empagliflozin (a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor) and semaglutide (a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist) can reduce urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) compared to treatment with empagliflozin alone in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and albuminuria. Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel study including 60 individuals with T2D and albuminuria. All participants initiated open‐label empagliflozin 25 mg once daily, on top of renin‐angiotensin system inhibition, in a run‐in period of 26 weeks. Subsequently, participants were randomized to semaglutide or placebo 1 mg once weekly for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in UACR. Secondary endpoints were change in: (i) measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR); (ii) 24‐hour systolic blood pressure; (iii) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level; (iv) body weight; and (v) plasma renin and aldosterone levels. Results: Addition of semaglutide to empagliflozin provided no additional change in UACR from randomization to end‐of‐treatment. The mean (95% confidence interval) difference in UACR was –22 (–44; 10)% ( P = 0.15) between treatment groups. Neither GFR, 24‐hour blood pressure, body weight, nor plasma renin activity was changed with semaglutide. HbA1c (–8 [–13; –3] mmol/mol; P = 0.003) and plasma aldosterone (–30 [–50; –3] pmol/L; P = 0.035) were reduced with semaglutide compared to placebo. Conclusions: Semaglutide added to empagliflozin did not change UACR, measured GFR, 24‐hour systolic blood pressure, body weight or plasma renin levels in individuals with T2D and albuminuria. Semaglutide improved glycaemic control and plasma aldosterone levels compared to placebo.
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Several smaller short-term trials reported additive effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors on surrogate outcomes such as body weight, blood pressure and HbA1c.
“Several smaller short-term trials reported additive effects of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2i on surrogate outcomes such as body weight, blood pressure and HbA1c18–21.”
From Effects of semaglutide with and without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in the FLOW trial (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
In §3.3 (page unavailable), this 26-week trial reports an additional HbA1c reduction with semaglutide on top of empagliflozin, but no significant additional reduction in body weight. Section 3.2 likewise finds no difference in 24-hour systolic blood pressure. The paper discusses other combination trials with benefits across these outcomes, but its own results support only the HbA1c part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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Hoshide, S., Mogi, M., Shibata, S., Kishi, T., Usui, I., Ando, H., Nakagami, H., Nishiyama, A., Kario, K., & Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) Working Group on Emerging Pharmacological Therapies for Hypertension Management (2026) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-026-02725-2
Semaglutide in Atrial Arrhythmias: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Maggio, E., Trivigno, S., Mariani, M. V., Piro, A., Pierucci, N., Vernile, A., Vinciullo, S., Palombi, M., Vizza, C. D., & Lavalle, C. (2026) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm16100506
- Authors
- Sivalingam, S., Wasehuus, V. S., Rotbain Curovic, V., Blond, M. B., Hansen, T. W., Persson, F., & Rossing, P.
- Affiliations
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (DK)
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Sivalingam, Suvanjaa
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-09-18
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-64
- ISSN
- 1462-8902 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-1326
- OpenAlex
- W4386819511
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- albuminuria, semaglutide, empagliflozin, type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, combination therapy, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, body weight, HbA1c, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Semaglutide, Albuminuria, Aldosterone, Benzhydryl Compounds, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Glucosides, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Renin, Treatment Outcome
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