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Carbon cycle inverse modeling suggests large changes in fractional organic burial are consistent with the carbon isotope record and may have contributed to the rise of oxygen

Krissansen‐Totton, Joshua, Kipp, Michael A., Catling, David C.·2021·Geobiology
DOI 10.1111/gbi.12440PMC PMC8359855
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Abstract

Abundant geologic evidence shows that atmospheric oxygen levels were negligible until the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) at 2.4–2.1 Ga. The burial of organic matter is balanced by the release of oxygen, and if the release rate exceeds efficient oxygen sinks, atmospheric oxygen can accumulate until limited by oxidative weathering. The organic burial rate relative to the total carbon burial rate can be inferred from the carbon isotope record in sedimentary carbonates and organic matter, which provides a proxy for the oxygen source flux through time. Because there are no large secular trends in the carbon isotope record over time, it is commonly assumed that the oxygen source flux changed only modestly. Therefore, declines in oxygen sinks have been used to explain the GOE. However, the average isotopic value of carbon fluxes into the atmosphere–ocean system can evolve due to changing proportions of weathering and outgassing inputs. If so, large secular changes in organic burial would be possible despite unchanging carbon isotope values in sedimentary rocks. Here, we present an inverse analysis using a self‐consistent carbon cycle model to determine the maximum change in organic burial since ~4 Ga allowed by the carbon isotope record and other geological proxies. We find that fractional organic burial may have increased by 2–5 times since the Archean. This happens because O 2‐dependent continental weathering of 13 C‐depleted organics changes carbon isotope inputs to the atmosphere–ocean system. This increase in relative organic burial is consistent with an anoxic‐to‐oxic atmospheric transition around 2.4 Ga without declining oxygen sinks, although these likely contributed. Moreover, our inverse analysis suggests that the Archean absolute organic burial flux was comparable to modern, implying high organic burial efficiency and ruling out very low Archean primary productivity.

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Metadata

Authors
Krissansen‐Totton, J., Kipp, M. A., & Catling, D. C.
Affiliations
Department of Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program University of Washington Seattle WA USA
ORCID
Venue
Geobiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-03-25
Volume
19
Issue
4
Pages
342-363
ISSN
  • 1472-4677
  • 1472-4669
DOI
10.1111/gbi.12440
PMC
PMC8359855
Cited by
38
References
38
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC18K0829, NNX15AL23G)
  • Simons Foundation (511570, 511570FY20)
  • Division of Earth Sciences (1338810)

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