Effectiveness of various interventions on maintenance of gingival health during 1 year – a randomized clinical trial
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rinsing with the combined use of an oxygenating-agent (OA) and chlorhexidine (CHX) in addition to mechanical oral hygiene could improve and/or maintain good gingival health over a long period. METHODS: This study had an examiner-blinded, randomized, six-group parallel design consisting of two-phases: a 3-week treatment phase and a subsequent 12-month experimental phase. A total of 267 subjects in good general health (≥18 years), without periodontitis, with at least five teeth per quadrant, and with moderate to advanced gingivitis were enrolled. A 3-week treatment phase was initiated to improve gingival health. Subjects were assigned to one of the six groups: two basic oral hygiene groups (Control I & II), one professional oral hygiene instruction group (OHI), one professional prophylaxis group (PP), an OA&CHX rinse group and a group receiving a combination of all regimens (COMBI group), being OHI + PP + OA&CHX. Dental plaque, gingival bleeding and staining assessments were performed at the start of the treatment phase, at baseline and at 4, 7, 10, and 12 months. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in dental plaque-scores for the OA&CHX and COMBI-group (0.51 [SD = 0.37], 0.38 [SD = 0.33] respectively) and a significant reduction in gingivitis scores for the OA&CHX and COMBI group (6.9% [SD = 14.0], 13.4% [SD = 13.4] respectively) from the start of the treatment phase to baseline. No clinically relevant changes were observed for the other four groups. After baseline, bleeding and plaque-scores increased back to a non-significant level between groups, and this level remained throughout the study. CONCLUSION: OA&CHX and COMBI-group showed a clinically relevant improvement after the treatment phase in terms of dental plaque and gingival bleeding levels. At the 4-month clinical assessment, there was no longer a significant difference between groups.
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Johannsen, A., Emilson, C.-G., Johannsen, G., Konradsson, K., Lingström, P., & Ramberg, P. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02850 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Van Leeuwen, M., Rosema, N., Versteeg, P., Slot, D., Hennequin‐Hoenderdos, N., & Van der Weijden, G.
- Affiliations
- Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- International Journal of Dental Hygiene
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-03-08
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e16-e27
- ISSN
- 1601-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1601-5037
- OpenAlex
- W2299805859
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Dental Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Research and COVID-19
- Keywords
- gingivitis, chlorhexidine, mouthwash, dental plaque, gingival bleeding, professional prophylaxis, dental hygiene education, periodontal maintenance
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Borates, Chlorhexidine, Dental Prophylaxis, Dentifrices, Disinfectants, Female, Gingivitis, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tartrates, Toothbrushing, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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