Gingivitis as a risk factor in periodontal disease
Open accessAbstract
Background Dental plaque has been proven to initiate and promote gingival inflammation. Histologically, various stages of gingivitis may be characterized prior to progression of a lesion to periodontitis. Clinically, gingivitis is well recognized. Material & methods Longitudinal studies on a patient cohort of 565 middle class Norwegian males have been performed over a 26-year period to reveal the natural history of initial periodontitis in dental-minded subjects between 16 and 34 years of age at the beginning of the study. Results Sites with consistent bleeding (GI=2) had 70% more attachment loss than sites that were consistently non-inflamed (GI=0). Teeth with sites that were consistently non-inflamed had a 50-year survival rate of 99.5%, while teeth with consistently inflamed gingivae yielded a 50-year survival rate of 63.4%. Conclusion Based on this longitudinal study on the natural history of periodontitis in a dentally well-maintained male population it can be concluded that persistent gingivitis represents a risk factor for periodontal attachment loss and for tooth loss.
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Manual dexterity difficulties and adherence challenges decrease the effectiveness of guideline-conformed periodontitis treatment in a large part of the affected population.
“Manual dexterity difficulties in the latter and challenges with adherence decrease the effectiveness of guidelines conformed treatment in a large part of the affected population, who got the disease due to inadequate oral hygiene practices (Lang et al., 2009; Ramseier et al., 2017).”
From Enhanced control of periodontitis by an artificial intelligence‐enabled multimodal‐sensing toothbrush and targeted <scp>mHealth</scp> micromessages: A randomized trial (2024) · cites this paper as Lang et al., 2009
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Experimental gingivitis in man
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“Finally, in 1965, the experimental gingivitis studies demonstrated that the accumulation of plaque on healthy gingiva produced gingivitis (Löe et al. 1965) (Fig.”
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Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions
Murakami, S., Mealey, B. L., Mariotti, A., & Chapple, I. L. C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12937 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
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Behavioral Interventions on Periodontitis Patients to Improve Oral Hygiene: A Systematic Review
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“Indeed, dental plaque has been proven to initiate and promote gingival inflammation, which is a risk factor for further periodontal attachment and tooth loss [2].”
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- Authors
- Lang, N. P., Schätzle, M. A., & Löe, H.
- Affiliations
- Prince Philip Dental Hospital (CN)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Lang, Niklaus P.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Periodontology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-05-11
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- s10
- Pages
- 3-8
- ISSN
- 0303-6979 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-051X
- OpenAlex
- W2123070721
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 12.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal Of Clinical Periodontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal attachment loss, tooth loss, risk factors, dental plaque, longitudinal cohort, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Periodontal Index, Periodontitis, Risk Factors, Tooth Loss, Periodontal Attachment Loss, Disease Progression, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Young Adult
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