Cited by 1,301Immunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune Response and InflammationT-cell and B-cell Immunology

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Human dendritic cell subsets: an update

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Collin, Matthew, Bigley, Venetia·2018·Immunology

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Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity. This task requires a wide range of mechanisms and responses, which are divided between three major DC subsets: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid/conventional DC1 (cDC1) and myeloid/conventional DC2 (cDC2). Each DC subset develops under the control of a specific repertoire of transcription factors involving differential levels of IRF8 and IRF4 in collaboration with PU.1, ID2, E2-2, ZEB2, KLF4, IKZF1 and BATF3. DC haematopoiesis is conserved between mammalian species and is distinct from monocyte development. Although monocytes can differentiate into DC, especially during inflammation, most quiescent tissues contain significant resident populations of DC lineage cells. An extended range of surface markers facilitates the identification of specific DC subsets although it remains difficult to dissociate cDC2 from monocyte-derived DC in some settings. Recent studies based on an increasing level of resolution of phenotype and gene expression have identified pre-DC in human blood and heterogeneity among cDC2. These advances facilitate the integration of mouse and human immunology, support efforts to unravel human DC function in vivo and continue to present new translational opportunities to medicine.

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Result
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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“Identification of cDC1s is also based on shared expression of CD13 and CD33 with cDC2s and low expression of CD11b, CD11c, and CD172 [10]; unique to cDC1s is the receptor that recognizes actin exposed during cell necrosis, CLEC9A [25,26].”
BackgroundInfluential
T Cell Receptor Engineered Lymphocytes for Cancer Therapy
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“…++++ All cells aMonoclonal antibodies reactive to the indicated antigens are widely available commercially. bProtocols for human DC isolation and maturation have been described (Nair et al., 2012). cFurther characteristics of DCs and their subsets has been reviewed recently (Collin & Bigley, 2018).”
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ImmunoGlobe: enabling systems immunology with a manually curated intercellular immune interaction network
Atallah, M. B., Tandon, V., Hiam-Galvez, K. J., Boyce, H., Hori, M., Atallah, W., Spitzer, M. H., Engleman, E. G., & Mallick, P. (2020) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-020-03702-3 · Cited by 14
“Antigen-presenting cells (APCs; here referring to dendritic cells, as described in Note S1) both sense a wide range of inputs and express or secrete numerous immune cell effectors [25].”
Background
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Machine learning analyses of highly-multiplexed immunofluorescence identifies distinct tumor and stromal cell populations in primary pancreatic tumors1
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“Though DC10s are known to be tolerogenic and researchers have shown circulating DCs to be correlated to the stage of diagnosis in gastric cancers, similar studies have not been done in the tumor of PDAC patients to determine how they may impact cancer development [35].”
BackgroundInfluential
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“CCR7 expression was detected on human moDCs studied in vitro [185–187].”
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“In particular, conventional DCs type 1 (cDC1) inherit the potential to efficiently cross-present exogenous antigens enabling them to induce strong cytotoxic T cell responses against tumor cells [22].”
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Brucea javanica oil emulsion significantly improved the effect of anti–programmed cell death protein-1 immunotherapy
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“Human mDCs are further classified into two groups, blood dendritic cells BDCA-1 and BDCA-3, based on the differential surface expression of CDc1 (conventional Dc1) [95].”
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“DCs are classified as conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) based on their phenotype and function [16].”
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“DC ontogeny and subtype complexity is an ever-evolving ﬁeld that is not within the scope of this review but has been well characterised elsewhere [5,11,12].”
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A BET inhibitor, NHWD-870, can downregulate dendritic cells maturation via the IRF7-mediated signaling pathway to ameliorate imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like murine skin inflammation
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“Human cDC1s are characterized as CD141 + , CD14 - , CLEC9A + , XCR1 + , FLT3 + , and CD103 + (19).”
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“58 They are derived from the precursor cells of the bone marrow's myeloid and lymphoid precursor cells.”
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“Comprising three major subsets, plasma-cytoid DC, myeloid/conventional DC1, and myeloid/conventional DC2, DCs utilize their antigen-presenting, migratory, and biocompatible attributes to serve as carriers for drug delivery [115].”
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“…in immune response through antigen presentation modulation, we reannotated subsets of macrophages as DCs. Utilizing K-means clustering and PCA analysis on twelve classical DC marker genes 54,55 , this expandedthenumberof celltypesfrom eight toten.”
Method
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“Among PBMCs three different DC subsets namely pDCs (HLA-DRCD11cCD123), cDC1 (HLA-DRCD11cCD141), and cDC2 (HLA-DR CD11cCD1c) can be found.(42) In Figure 6(a), the gating strategy for the DC subsets based on CD45 single cells is depicted.”
Background
Prognostic Risk Signature and Comprehensive Analyses of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
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“DC cells can be divided into conventional type 1 (cDC1s), conventional type 2 (cDC2s), and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) [41, 42].”
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“In the TME, conventional DCs (cDCs), as the typical representatives of mDCs, can be further subdivided into cDC1 and cDC2 spectrums [73]. cDC1 is regulated by transcription factors IRF8, ID2, and BATF3, while cDC2 is regulated by transcription factors IRF4, ID2, ZEB2, and Notch2 [74]. cDC1 is able to cross-present ant…”
Background
Granulocyte-Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating-Factor Combined with Prostaglandin E1 Create Dendritic Cells of Leukemic Origin from AML Patients’ Whole Blood and Whole Bone Marrow That Mediate Antileukemic Processes after Mixed Lymphocyte Culture
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“cDCs and pDCs, which develop from bone marrow progenitors, differentiate into various subsets in multiple tissues, and the total cDC population may be further divided into the cDC1 and cDC2 subsets, which are characterized by some degree of specialization [22,29,31,32].”
Background
Single-cell Transcriptomics Uncover a Novel Role of Myeloid Cells and T-lymphocytes in the Fibrotic Microenvironment in Peyronie’s Disease
Milenkovic, U., Boeckx, B., Lambrechts, D., Janky, R., Hatzichristodoulou, G., van Renterghem, K., Gevaert, T., Cellek, S., Bivalacqua, T. J., De Ridder, D., et al. (2022) · European Urology Focus · doi:10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.012 · Cited by 14
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“Dendritic cells can be classified into four subsets—human plasmacytoid DC (pDC), conventional DC1 (cDC1), conventional DC2 (cDC2) and monocyte-derived DC (mo-DC) [4].”
Background
Spatial transcriptomics reveals immune-stromal crosstalk within the synovium of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
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“The DC cluster included CLEC9A + X-CR1 + THBD + DC1 and CD1C + CLEC10A + DC2 (24).”

Authors: Collin, M., & Bigley, V.
Affiliations: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Collin, Matthew
ORCID: Collin, Matthew
Bigley, Venetia
Venue: Immunology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-02-27
Volume: 154
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-20
ISSN: 0019-2805 (ISSN-L)
1365-2567
DOI: 10.1111/imm.12888
PMC: PMC5904714
OpenAlex: W2781617771
Cited by: 1,301
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 69 · 2025: 169 · 2024: 167 · 2023: 191 · 2022: 237 · 2021: 198 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 27
FWCI: 11.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
Funders: Cancer Research UK (C30484/A21025)
Wellcome Trust (101155/Z/13/Z)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: dendritic cells, dendritic cell subsets, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, DC1, DC2, transcription factors, IRF8, IRF4, PU.1, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, cell surface markers, innate immunity, adaptive immunity
MeSH terms: Kruppel-Like Factor 4, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Immunophenotyping

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Human dendritic cell subsets: an update

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