Cited by 1,301Immunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune Response and InflammationT-cell and B-cell Immunology

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Human dendritic cell subsets: an update

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Collin, Matthew, Bigley, Venetia·2018·Immunology

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Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity. This task requires a wide range of mechanisms and responses, which are divided between three major DC subsets: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid/conventional DC1 (cDC1) and myeloid/conventional DC2 (cDC2). Each DC subset develops under the control of a specific repertoire of transcription factors involving differential levels of IRF8 and IRF4 in collaboration with PU.1, ID2, E2-2, ZEB2, KLF4, IKZF1 and BATF3. DC haematopoiesis is conserved between mammalian species and is distinct from monocyte development. Although monocytes can differentiate into DC, especially during inflammation, most quiescent tissues contain significant resident populations of DC lineage cells. An extended range of surface markers facilitates the identification of specific DC subsets although it remains difficult to dissociate cDC2 from monocyte-derived DC in some settings. Recent studies based on an increasing level of resolution of phenotype and gene expression have identified pre-DC in human blood and heterogeneity among cDC2. These advances facilitate the integration of mouse and human immunology, support efforts to unravel human DC function in vivo and continue to present new translational opportunities to medicine.

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Figure 1 Ontological overview and functional specialization of human dendritic cells (DC). (a) DC are often depicted as a single ‘all purpose’ cell in diagrams of T‐cell differentiation but each subset is specialized to make specific responses to pathogen or danger signals. Depending on the context, many different responses may be observed and selected principal functions of human plasmacytoid DC (pDC), conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 are depicted. (b) Ontological basis of DC, monocyte and macrophage classification. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) give rise to DC and monocyte‐derived cells by distinct routes marked by differences in the relative expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and IRF4 as shown in schematic bivariate plots beneath. Monocytes are IRF4/8 low but can be induced to differentiate into monocyte‐derived DC (mo‐DC). Monocyte‐derived macrophages are also ontologically distinct from many populations of long‐lived resident macrophages derived from early myeloid progenitors (EMP).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Classical and revised models of human haematopoiesis. (a) In classical models of haematopoiesis, cell potential partitions by successive bifurcations descending from the apex where common lymphoid and common myeloid progenitors (CLP; CMP) arise from the haematopietic stem cell (HSC). Each progenitor population has homogeneous differentiation potential such that every cell has an equal probability of two mutually exclusive fates. Hence, dendritic cells (DC) were proposed to arise in the sequence: CMPs, granulocyte–macrophage DC progenitor (GMDP), macrophage DC progenitor (MDP), common DC progenitor (CDP) with a final pre‐DC stage leading to conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2. Each population is given a uniform colour to indicate homogeneous potential. (b) Experimental data support several revisions to the classical model. First lineage is primed in early progenitors so that most populations contain only cells with a single potential. Second, lymphoid and myeloid potential run together originating as the lymphoid primed multi‐potent progenitor (LMPP) that separates from megakaryocyte and erythroid potential (MkE) at the apex. Hence the gates defined by CD38 (blue borders) and CD45RA (red borders) contain phenotypically related cells but with restricted potentials, indicated by bands of colour each corresponding to a discrete lineage.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Segregation of human dendritic cell (DC) potential in late precursor compartments. The CD34+ CD38+ CD45RA+ human granulocyte–macrophage DC progenitor (GMDP) contains only a minority of progenitor cells with bi‐ or tri‐potential indicated in yellow and red, respectively in the diagrams of cell potential of several hundred individual progenitors differentiated in vitro (schematic redrawn from data of Lee et al.32). A small minority of progenitors in the GMDP qualify as MDP [except without plasmacytoid DC (pDC) potential] or common DC progenitor (CDP; all three DC potentials). The CD123+ fraction of GMDP has been described as a CDP; although it does not contain monocyte potential, trilineage common DC progenitors are not found in this gate. In the blood, a CD34+ CD123− precursor fraction is found to contain conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 potential9 together with a CD34– CD123+ AXL+ SIGLEC6+ pre‐DC with mainly cDC2 potential.9, 10 Traces of cDC1 potential are also found in CD123+ cells. It is not known how the CD34+ CD123− blood precursor relates to GMDP, if it is a physiological route of cDC differentiation, or whether this occurs via AXL+ precursors. Broken lines indicate unconfirmed relationships.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 4 Features of the principal human dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Diagrams of the main surface markers, pathogen sensors and responses of (a) plasmacytoid DC (pDC); (b) conventional DC1 (cDC1) and (c) cDC2. Data are principally drawn from observations on freshly isolated blood DC and do not capture the full range of responses possible following inflammatory activation.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Background
Building a human lung from pluripotent stem cells to model respiratory viral infections
Turner, D. L., Amoozadeh, S., Baric, H., Stanley, E. G., & Werder, R. B. (2024) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-024-02912-0 · Cited by 11
“Similar classification has occurred with respect to human DC populations (CD141 + cDC1, CD1c + cDC2, moDCs and pDCs) [202– 205]; however, studies describing the role of these subsets during infections with human-specific respiratory pathogens are limited.”
Result
Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive critical review
de Oliveira, J. B., Silva, S. B., Fernandes, I. L., Batah, S. S., Herrera, A. J. R., Cetlin, A. A., & Fabro, A. T. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376704 · Cited by 11
“Although human DC subsets have traditionally been recognized through a limited selection of markers, such as CD1c + , CD141 + , and CD14 + (22), this simplistic phenotypical representation fails to capture the complexity of DC identity in various physiological processes and tumoral…”
Background
BPDCN MYB fusions regulate cell cycle genes, impair differentiation, and induce myeloid–dendritic cell leukemia
Booth, C. A. G., Bouyssou, J., Togami, K., Armand, O., Rivas, H. G., Yan, K., Rice, S., Cheng, S., Lachtara, E. M., Bourquin, J., et al. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.183889 · Cited by 10
“Globally, the mutational landscape of BPDCN shows similarities to both myeloid and lymphoid malignancies (4), which may reflect the lympho-myeloid ontogeny of pDCs (16, 17).”
Tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer - organization and immune cell interactions
Gulubova, M. V. (2024) · American journal of clinical and experimental immunology. · doi:10.62347/gryy2849 · Cited by 10
Laminarins and their derivatives affect dendritic cell activation and their crosstalk with T cells
Christensen, M. D., Allahgholi, L., Dobruchowska, J. M., Moenaert, A., Guðmundsson, H., Friðjónsson, Ó. H., Karlsson, E. N., Hreggviðsson, G. Ó., & Freysdóttir, J. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141287 · Cited by 10
Pathophysiology of bone remodelling cycle: Role of immune system and lipids
Parolini, C. (2025) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116844 · Cited by 10
Colorectal Organoids: Models, Imaging, Omics, Therapy, Immunology, and Ethics
Taglieri, M., Gregorio, L. D., Matis, S., Uras, C. R. M., Ardy, M., Casati, S., Marchese, M., Poggi, A. D., Raffaghello, L., & Benelli, R. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14060457 · Cited by 12
“Recently, it has been shown that conventional DC type 2 (DC2) relevant for the induction of T helper cell responses [223] can shift to a CD14+ population with impaired T cell-activating capabilities when co-cultured with CRC organoids [224].”
Efficient generation of human dendritic cells from induced pluripotent stem cell by introducing a feeder-free expansion step for hematopoietic progenitors
Elahi, Z., Jameson, V. J., Sakkas, M., Butcher, S., Mintern, J. D., Radford, K. J., & Wells, C. A. (2025) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1093/jleuko/qiaf045 · Cited by 10
Tumor immune microenvironment remodeling after neoadjuvant therapy in gastric cancer: Update and new challenges
Sun, F., Gao, X., Li, T., Zhao, X., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189350 · Cited by 13
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
Ju, X., Putz, E. M., Liu, Y., Yuan, D., Sun, G., Koda, S., Fu, Z., Shao, S., Tong, C., Deng, B., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60922-y · Cited by 10
“Theenzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and arginase expressed in DCs deplete the essential amino acids L-tryptophan and arginine in T cells and generate immune suppressive metabolites 7 .”
Transcriptional Changes in Pulmonary Phagocyte Subsets Dictate the Outcome Following Interaction With The Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Hawkins, A. N., Determann, B. F., Nelson, B. N., & Wozniak, K. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.722500 · Cited by 11
Transfer of Cellular Content from the Allogeneic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccine DCP-001 to Host Dendritic Cells Hinges on Phosphatidylserine and Is Enhanced by CD47 Blockade
Zuo, H., van Lierop, M.-J. C., Kaspers, J., Bos, R., Reurs, A. W., Sarkar, S., Konry, T., Kamermans, A., Kooij, G., de Vries, H. E., et al. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10113233 · Cited by 10
“Dendritic cells possess this cross-presenting activity, but one type of DC, the myeloid/conventional DC type 1 (cDC1), seems superior in this [46,47], and these cells are found in relatively high quantities in LNs [48].”
Origin of langerin (CD207)‐expressing antigen presenting cells in the normal oral mucosa and in oral lichen planus lesions
Solhaug, M. B., Schreurs, O., Schenck, K., Blix, I. J. S., & Bækkevold, E. S. (2021) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/eos.12835 · Cited by 10
Efficacy and security of tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the last 2 decades
Han, C., Yan, Y., Yan, L., Meng, G.-X., Yang, C., Liu, H., Ding, Z., Dong, Z., Hong, J., Chen, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-022-04008-y · Cited by 10
“The phenomenon is probably attributable to that DCs are antigen-presenting cells in the host body (Collin and Bigley 2018), and it is more efficient to administer DC plus antigens directly to bypass the recognition step and the loss of antigens.”
Background
scESI: evolutionary sparse imputation for single-cell transcriptomes from nearest neighbor cells
Liu, Q., Luo, X., Li, J., & Wang, G. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac144 · Cited by 10
Construction and analysis of a ceRNA network and patterns of immune infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: based on data mining and experimental verification
Chen, J., Xing, Q.-L., Yang, H., Yang, F., Luo, Y., Kong, W., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13818-6 · Cited by 10
CTSB+ macrophage repress memory immune hub in the liver metastasis site of colorectal cancer patient revealed by multi-omics analysis
Lin, C., Yang, H., Zhao, W., & Wang, W. (2022) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.037 · Cited by 10
Perioperative corticosteroid treatment impairs tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells in patients with newly diagnosed adult-type diffuse gliomas
Carenza, C., Franzese, S., Castagna, A., Terzoli, S., Simonelli, M., Persico, P., Bello, L., Nibali, M. C., Pessina, F., Kunderfranco, P., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074762 · Cited by 11
Reversing immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of fibrolamellar carcinoma via PD-1 and IL-10 blockade
Daniel, S. K., Sullivan, K. M., Dickerson, L. K., van den Bijgaart, R. J. E., Utria, A. F., Labadie, K. P., Kenerson, H. L., Jiang, X., Smythe, K. S., Campbell, J. S., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55593-6 · Cited by 10
“2C) 44–46 .”
Immunostimulatory activity of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan on dendritic cells stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Porphyromonas gingivalis
Monasterio, G., Guevara, J., Ibarra, J. P., Castillo, F. A., Díaz-Zúñiga, J. A., Álvarez, C., Cafferata, E. A., & Vernal, R. (2018) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-018-2641-5 · Cited by 10
Tethering Innate Surface Receptors on Dendritic Cells: A New Avenue for Immune Tolerance Induction?
Lamendour, L., Deluce, N. K.-N., Mouline, C. C., Gouilleux‐Gruart, V., & Velge-Roussel, F. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21155259 · Cited by 10
“They are identified by their expression of CD123, CD4, MHCII, CD303 (BDCA2), CD304 (BDCA4), and CD45RA (Table 1) [8].”
Background
Comprehensive Phenotyping of Dendritic Cells in Cancer Patients by Flow Cytometry
Carenza, C., Franzese, S., Calcaterra, F., Mavilio, D., & Bella, S. D. (2020) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24245 · Cited by 10
Dendritic cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum in a malaria-endemic setting
Turner, T. C., Arama, C., Ongoïba, A., Doumbo, S., Doumtabé, D., Kayentao, K., Skinner, J., Li, S., Traoré, B., Crompton, P. D., et al. (2021) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03533-w · Cited by 10
Analyses of peripheral blood dendritic cells and magnetic resonance spectroscopy support dysfunctional neuro‐immune crosstalk in Tourette syndrome
Sarchioto, M., Howe, F. A., Dumitriu, I. E., Morgante, F., Stern, J. S., Edwards, M. J., & Martino, D. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14837 · Cited by 10
“Among DC subsets, MDC1s have a specific capability to present antigens via major histocompatibility complex class II to activate naïve CD4+ T cells, and to promote T- helper 1 responses [11].”
BackgroundInfluential
Mimics and artefacts of measurable residual disease in a highly sensitive multicolour flow cytometry assay for B‐lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma: critical consideration for analysis of measurable residual disease
Chatterjee, G., Sriram, H., Ghogale, S., Deshpande, N., Khanka, T., Girase, K., Verma, S., Arolkar, G., Dasgupta, N., Narula, G., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.17801 · Cited by 10
Evaluation of the Effect of Inactivated Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Vaccine with Nano Silicon on the Phenotype and Function of Porcine Dendritic Cells
Zheng, L., Zhao, F., Ru, J., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Wang, N., Shu, X., Wei, Z., & Guo, H. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13112158 · Cited by 10
“Unlike DCs of human and mice [37,38], porcine DCs selectively express TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, and TLR10, which were significantly higher in the inactivated TGEV vaccine with the MSN group.”
Background
A novel defined m7G regulator signature to investigate the association between molecular characterization and clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma
Dong, Y. W., Li, Y., Yao, Y., & Song, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.897323 · Cited by 10
Differential IRF8 Requirement Defines Two Pathways of Dendritic Cell Development in HumansPreprint
Cytlak, U., Resteu, A., Pagan, S., Green, K., Milne, P., Maisuria, S., McDonald, D., Hulme, G., Filby, A. J., Carpenter, B., et al. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3365028 · Cited by 10
A model of dysregulated crosstalk between dendritic, natural killer, and regulatory T cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mengistu, D. T., Curtis, J. L., & Freeman, C. M. (2024) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2024.04.010 · Cited by 9
Dendritic cells in Parkinson's disease: Regulatory role and therapeutic potential
Mula, A. R. A., Yuan, X., & Lu, J. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176690 · Cited by 9
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals evolving tumour microenvironment induced by immunochemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Jiang, Y., Bei, W.-X., Li, W., Huang, Y., He, S., Zhu, X., Zheng, L., Xia, W., Dong, S., Liu, Q., et al. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70061 · Cited by 10
“35,36 40 These phenomena were similar to the results observed in renal cell carcinoma in a recent study.”
Result
Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of diabetes-associated periodontitis
Li, S., Li, S., Meng, L., Gao, R., Liu, H., & Li, M. (2025) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-06141-z · Cited by 9
“Under normal conditions, immature DCs exhibit high migratory capacity and can efficiently uptake, process, and deliver antigens; mature DCs can effectively activate the initial T cells and mainly perform the initiation, regulation, and maintenance of the immune response [32].”
HBV and HBsAg strongly reshape the phenotype, function, and metabolism of DCs according to patients’ clinical stage
Dumolard, L., Gerster, T., Chuffart, F., Decaens, T., Hilleret, M., Larrat, S., Saas, P., Jouvin‐Marche, E., Durantel, D., Marche, P. N., et al. (2025) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000625 · Cited by 9
Flow cytometry evaluation of acute myeloid leukemia minimal residual disease based on an understanding of the normal maturation patterns in the blast compartments
Roshal, M., & Gao, Q. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqae187 · Cited by 10
The role of the risk gene CACNA1C in neuroinflammation and peripheral immunity in autism spectrum disorder
Boller, A.-L., Ruland, T., Dantas, R. L., Michels, S., Dannlowski, U., Scheu, S., Baune, B. T., Culmsee, C., & Alferink, J. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.07.004 · Cited by 10
“…and transcription factor expression: conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). cDCs are further divided into cDC1, which are specialized in antigen cross-presentation to CD8⁺ T cells, and cDC2, which primarily activate CD4⁺ T cells to support adaptive immunity (Collin & Bigley, 2018).”
Human cDC1s display constitutive activation of the UPR sensor IRE1
García-González, P., Fernández, D., Gutiérrez, D., Parra-Cordero, M., & Osorio, F. (2022) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202149774 · Cited by 7
Multi-omics profiling identifies C1QA/B+ macrophages with multiple immune checkpoints associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) liver metastasis
Zheng, F. Y., Zhang, W., Yang, B., & Chen, M. (2022) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-22-5351 · Cited by 10
An Isolate of Streptococcus mitis Displayed In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Deleterious Effect in a Preclinical Model of Lung Infection
Mathieu, E., Marquant, Q., Chain, F., Bouguyon, E., Saint‐Criq, V., Goffic, R. L., Descamps, D., Langella, P., Tompkins, T. A., Binda, S., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020263 · Cited by 8
ATP2C2 as a novel immune-related marker that defines the tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer
Zhao, M., Zhang, Q., Song, Z., Lei, H., Li, J., Peng, F., & Lin, S. (2023) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-23-83 · Cited by 9
Complement C1q essential for aeroallergen sensitization via CSF1R+ conventional dendritic cells type 2
Moon, H., Eccles, J. D., Kim, S.-J., Kim, K.-H., Kim, Y.-M., Rehman, J., Lee, H., Kanabar, P. N., Christman, J. W., Ackerman, S. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.016 · Cited by 9
Cannabinoid receptor 2 alleviates sepsis-associated acute lung injury by modulating maturation of dendritic cells
Zhao, F., Gu, W., Li, L., Qu, Z., Xu, M.-Y., Liu, K., Zhang, F., Liu, H., Xu, J., & Yin, H.-Y. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110771 · Cited by 9
Highlighting the Role of DC-NK Cell Interplay in Immunobiology and Immunotherapy
Calmeiro, J., Carrascal, M. A., Gomes, C. M. F., Falcão, A. C., Cruz, M. T., & Neves, B. M. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.78804 · Cited by 9
“There are three major subpopulations of DCs: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) characterized by the expression of CD123, CD303, CD304, FCER1, ILT3, and ILT7; classical DCs 1 (cDC1) that express CD141, CLEC9A, XCR1, and CADM1; and classical DCs 2 expressing CD1c, CD11c, CD11b, CD2, FCER1, SIRPA, ILT1, and CLEC4A [2, 22, 23].”
Background
Myeloid Cells Enriched for a Dendritic Cell Population From People Living With HIV Have Altered Gene Expression Not Restored by Antiretroviral Therapy
Murray, S. M., Zhang, Y., Douek, D. C., & Sékaly, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00261 · Cited by 9
Comprehensive immune cell profiling depicts an early immune response associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in cancer patients
Tembhare, P. R., Sriram, H., Chatterjee, G., Khanka, T., Gokarn, A. G., Mirgh, S. P., Rajendra, A., Chaturvedi, A., Ghogale, S., Deshpande, N., et al. (2021) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/imcb.12504 · Cited by 10
“They recognize viral antigens through Toll-like receptors, migrate to lymphoid organs and initiate a specific immune response.(29) An acute viral infection induces DC activation, followed by migration of DCs from peripheral blood to the tissue with infection (such as lungs), leading to depletion in the circulating DC…”
Background
Altered Frequency and Phenotype of HLA-G-Expressing DC-10 in Type 1 Diabetes Patients at Onset and in Subjects at Risk to Develop the Disease
Amodio, G., Mandelli, A., Curto, R., Rancoita, P. M. V., Stabilini, A., Bonfanti, R., Pellegrin, M. D., Bosi, E., Serio, C. D., Battaglia, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.750162 · Cited by 9
Reduced Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Output Is Associated With High Risk in Low-grade Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Chan, A. C. L., Liu, Y., Devlin, S. M., Gao, Q., Baik, J., Sigler, A. M., Londono, D., Arcila, M. E., Levine, R. L., Doǧan, A., et al. (2022) · HemaSphere · doi:10.1097/hs9.0000000000000685 · Cited by 9
Systems analysis of immune responses to attenuated P. falciparum malaria sporozoite vaccination reveals excessive inflammatory signatures correlating with impaired immunity
Du, Y., Hertoghs, N., Duffy, F. J., Carnes, J., McDermott, S. M., Neal, M., Schwedhelm, K. V., McElrath, M., Rosa, S. D., Aitchison, J., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010282 · Cited by 10
“250 Because different types of DCs can activate and skew different T-helper cell responses, we also 251 assessed the proportion of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells (Collin and Bigley, 2018) and observed 252 greater proportions of Th2 CD4 T cells in NP, and a trend towards more Th1 cells in P subjects 253 (Fig.”
Background
Dendritic Cell Vaccine Loaded with MG-7 Antigen Induces Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses against Gastric Cancer
Zhu, B., Sun, Y., Wei, X., Zhou, H., Cao, J., Li, C., & Wu, N. (2022) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2022/1964081 · Cited by 9
“Dendritic cells (DCs) activate T cells to become cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and initiate a primary immune response [7].”
Background
The Tropomyosin Family as Novel Biomarkers in Relation to Poor Prognosis in Glioma
Huang, K., Wang, H., Xu, J., Xu, R.-M., Liu, Z., Li, Y., & Xu, Z. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11081115 · Cited by 9
“Th2 and Th17 infiltration were expected to contribute to the immune suppression type of DCs, as shown in previous studies [36].”
Result
Expanded CD1c+CD163+ DC3 Population in Synovial Tissues Is Associated with Disease Progression of Osteoarthritis
Qiu, G., Zhong, S., Xie, J., Feng, H., Sun, S., Gao, C., Xu, X., Kang, B., Xu, H., Zhao, C. G., et al. (2022) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2022/9634073 · Cited by 9
“DCs form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity [6].”

Authors: Collin, M., & Bigley, V.
Affiliations: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Collin, Matthew
ORCID: Collin, Matthew
Bigley, Venetia
Venue: Immunology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-02-27
Volume: 154
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-20
ISSN: 0019-2805 (ISSN-L)
1365-2567
DOI: 10.1111/imm.12888
PMC: PMC5904714
OpenAlex: W2781617771
Cited by: 1,301
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 69 · 2025: 169 · 2024: 167 · 2023: 191 · 2022: 237 · 2021: 198 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 27
FWCI: 11.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
Funders: Cancer Research UK (C30484/A21025)
Wellcome Trust (101155/Z/13/Z)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: dendritic cells, dendritic cell subsets, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, DC1, DC2, transcription factors, IRF8, IRF4, PU.1, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, cell surface markers, innate immunity, adaptive immunity
MeSH terms: Kruppel-Like Factor 4, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Immunophenotyping

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Human dendritic cell subsets: an update

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