Email flaming behaviors and organizational conflict
Abstract
This study explores whether the attributes listed in the literature on flaming in email are considered characteristic of flaming by actual email users. Through the creation of a semantic differential scale-called the Message Invectives Scale-the study took eight concepts found in more than 20 research articles on flaming and examined email users' responses to a set of 20 messages in relation to those eight characteristics. Findings indicate that in each of the 20 cases, six of the original eight concepts relate to each other to form a common set, which also correlates positively with perceptions of flaming. Some of the messages that scored high for flaming contained profanity, all capital letters, excessive exclamation points or question marks, indicating that these attributes also relate to flaming. Based on these findings, recommendations are advanced as to how email should be used to avoid negative attributes that can lead to organizational conflict.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The original Flaming Behaviors Scale has a Cronbach alpha of 0.87.
“The author [7] found a Cronbach alpha value of 0.87. Hwang et al. [53] also found a value of 0.87.”
From Dark Personality Traits and Online Behaviors: Portuguese Versions of Cyberstalking, Online Harassment, Flaming and Trolling Scales (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
The alpha value obtained for the Flaming Behaviors Scale was identical to the original author Turnage and the study by Hwang et al.
“As for the Flaming Behaviors Scale, the alpha value obtained was identical to the original author Turnage [7] and the study by Hwang et al. [53].”
From Dark Personality Traits and Online Behaviors: Portuguese Versions of Cyberstalking, Online Harassment, Flaming and Trolling Scales (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
Tit for Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace
Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1999.2202131 · Cited by 3,273 · see citing works
Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication
Sproull, L. S., & Kiesler, S. B. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1492 · Cited by 2,377 · see citing works
Group processes in computer-mediated communication
Siegel, J., Dubrovsky, V. J., Kiesler, S. B., & McGuire, T. W. (1986) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(86)90050-6 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01462.x · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
The Psychology of the Internet
Wallace, P. E. (1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511581670 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Relational Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication: Experimental Observations over Time
Walther, J. B. (1995) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.6.2.186 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Gender and Democracy in Computer-Mediated Communication
Herring, S. (1995) · Computerization and Controversy, 2nd Ed. · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415040-9.50121-4 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
The dark side of organizational behavior
Griffin, R. W., O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., & Pritchard, R. D. (2004) · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Misbehavior in Organizations: Theory, Research, and Management
Vardi, Y., & Weitz, E. (2003) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Group and computer-mediated discussion effects in risk decision making.
McGuire, T. W., Kiesler, S. B., & Siegel, J. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.917 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Markus, M. L. (1994) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/196734.196738 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Moore, D. A., Kurtzberg, T. R., Thompson, L., & Morris, M. W. (1999) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1998.2814 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Reconceptualizing ‘flaming’ and other problematic messages
O'Sullivan, P. B., & Flanagin, A. J. (2003) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444803005001908 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Flaming in electronic communication
Alonzo, M., & Aiken, M. W. (2002) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/s0167-9236(02)00190-2 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Conflict Escalation: Dispute Exacerbating Elements of E-mail Communication
Friedman, R., & Currall, S. C. (2003) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267035611003 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Bullying on the net: adverse behavior on e-mail and its impact
Baruch, Y. (2004) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2004.02.001 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Effects of pictographs and quoting on flaming in electronic mail
Thompsen, P. A., & Foulger, D. A. (1996) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/0747-5632(96)00004-0 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Communication and Cyberspace: Social Interaction in an Electronic Environment
Strate, L., Jacobson, R., Gibson, S., & Gumpert, G. (2002) · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Conflict Escalation: Dispute Exacerbating Elements of E-Mail CommunicationPreprint
Friedman, R., & Currall, S. C. (2004) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.459429 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A Generational Approach to Using Emoticons as Nonverbal Communication
Krohn, F. B. (2004) · Journal of Technical Writing and Communication · doi:10.2190/9eqh-de81-cwg1-qll9 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Is Computer-Mediated Communication Intrinsically Apt to Enhance Democracy in Organizations?
Mantovani, G. (1994) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679404700103 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The Expression of Conflict in Computer-Mediated and Face-To-Face Groups
Hobman, E. V., Bordia, P., Irmer, B. E., & Chang, A. (2002) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/104649640203300403 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Castellá, V. O., Abad, A. M. Z., Alonso, F., & Silla, J. M. P. (2000) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00012-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Gender and Swearing: A Community Practice
Stapleton, K. (2003) · Women and Language · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Reinig, B. A., & Mejías, R. J. (2004) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496404266773 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Flaming among first-time group support system users
Aiken, M. W., & Waller, B. D. (2000) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-7206(99)00036-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Virtual democratic dialogue? Bringing together citizens and politicians
Jensen, J. L. (2003) · Information Polity · doi:10.3233/ip-2003-0025 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Email—the good, the bad, and the ugly
Berghel, H. (1997) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/248448.248450 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Denegri‐Knott, J., & Taylor, J. (2005) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439304271541 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Scrolling Around the New Organization: The Potential for Conflict in the On-Line Environment
Landry, E. M. (2000) · Negotiation Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2000.tb00209.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Democracy and New Communication Technologies
Harrison, T. M., & Falvey, L. (2001) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2001.11678999 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Anatomy of a flame: conflict and community building on the Internet
Franco, V., Piirto, R., Hu, H., Lewenstein, B. V., Underwood, R., & Vidal, N. (1995) · IEEE Technology and Society Magazine · doi:10.1109/44.393044 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Teaching Students to Correspond Effectively Electronically
Extejt, M. M. (1998) · Business Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/108056999806100208 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Email etiquette: Guidelines for mental health nurses
Cleary, M. L., & Freeman, A. (2005) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1440-0979.2005.00356.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
AN EPISODE OF FLAMING: A Creative Narrative†
Thompsen, P. A. (1994) · ETC: A Review of General Semantics · doi:10.66774/etc_5101_051 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Collaboration and conflict in the development of a computerized dispatch facility
Clement, A., & Halonen, C. (1998) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(1998)49:12 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chapter 1: Democracy and New Communication Technologies
Harrison, T. M., & Falvey, L. (2001) · Communication Yearbook · doi:10.1207/s15567419cy2501_1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Spence, L. J. (2002) · Business Ethics A European Review · doi:10.1111/1467-8608.00257 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
CONFLICT ESCALATION: DISPUTE EXACERBATING ELEMENTS OF E-MAIL COMMUNICATION CONFLICT
Friedman, R. (2003) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Notes from the grassroots: online lobbying in Canada
Yerxa, S. W., & Moll, M. (1994) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662249410798911 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Steele, G. L. (1993) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition
Lapidot‐Lefler, N., & Barak, A. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.014 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Yus, F. (2011) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.213 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Jane, E. A. (2012) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2012.741073 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Don’t You Know That You’re Toxic: Normalization of Toxicity in Online Gaming
Beres, N. A., Frommel, J., Reid, E., Mandryk, R. L., & Klarkowski, M. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445157 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Online hatred of women in the Incels.me forum: Linguistic analysis and automatic detection
Jaki, S., De Smedt, T., Gwóźdź, M., Panchal, R., Rossa, A., & De Pauw, G. (2019) · Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict · doi:10.1075/jlac.00026.jak · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Moor, P. J., Heuvelman, A., & Verleur, R. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.05.023 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
KhosraviNik, M., & Esposito, E. (2018) · Lodz Papers in Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/lpp-2018-0003 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Flaming? What flaming? The pitfalls and potentials of researching online hostility
Jane, E. A. (2015) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-015-9362-0 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
(In)Appropriate Online Behavior
Arendholz, J. (2013) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.229 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Ksiazek, T. B. (2016) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2016.1209977 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and the law: A review of psychological and legal challenges
Asam, A. E., & Samara, M. M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Bonotti, M., & Zech, S. T. (2021) · OAPEN (The OAPEN Foundation) · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Ksiazek, T. B. (2015) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2015.1093487 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A review of workplace stress in the virtual office
Stich, J. (2020) · Intelligent Buildings International · doi:10.1080/17508975.2020.1759023 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology’s Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance
Lane, J. N., Leonardi, P. M., Contractor, N., & DeChurch, L. A. (2023) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/10464964231200015 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Effects of individual toxic behavior on team performance in League of Legends
Monge, C. K., & O’Brien, T. C. (2021) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2020.1868322 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lost in Translation: Importance of Effective Communication in Online Education
Betts, K. (2009) · Online journal of distance learning administration · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ksiazek, T. B., Peer, L., & Zivic, A. (2014) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.972079 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The influence of workload and civility of treatment on the perpetration of email incivility
Francis, L., Holmvall, C. M., & O’Brien, L. E. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.044 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Social Capital Online : Alienation and Accumulation
Faucher, K. X. (2018) · University of Westminster Press eBooks · doi:10.16997/book16 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Managerial Competencies and Development in the Digital Age
Neumeyer, X., & Liu, M. (2021) · IEEE Engineering Management Review · doi:10.1109/emr.2021.3101950 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“I Can’t Reply with That”: Characterizing Problematic Email Reply Suggestions
Robertson, R. E., Olteanu, A., Diaz, F., Shokouhi, M., & Bailey, P. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445557 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A Review of Virtual Impression Management Behaviors and Outcomes
Blunden, H., & Brodsky, A. (2024) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063231225160 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Postma, L., Blignaut, A. S., Swan, K. P., & Sutinen, E. (2013) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940691301200128 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in the workplace: a novel framework of routine activities and organizational control
Oguz, A., Mehta, N., & Palvia, P. (2023) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-05-2021-0288 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The mental status examination in the age of the internet.
Recupero, P. R. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Humanity in Digital Age: Cognitive, Social, Emotional, and Ethical Implications
Yamamoto, J., & Ananou, S. (2015) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/6136 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Muhtaseb, A., & Frey, L. R. (2008) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00413.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“A Brave New (Digital) World”? Effects of in-House Social Media on HRM
Hauptmann, S., & Steger, T. (2013) · German Journal of Human Resource Management Zeitschrift für Personalforschung · doi:10.1177/239700221302700104 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cyber neutralisation and flaming
Hwang, J., Lee, H., Kim, K., Zo, H., & Ciganek, A. P. (2016) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2015.1135191 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sinkeviciute, V. (2018) · Internet Pragmatics · doi:10.1075/ip.00013.sin · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tweaa! – A Ghanaian interjection of “contempt” in online political comments
Thompson, R. (2019) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2019.100047 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The effect of flaming on computer-mediated negotiations
Johnson, N. A., Cooper, R. B., & Chin, W. W. (2008) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/ejis.2008.22 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ordoñez, M. A. M., & Nekmat, E. (2019) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444819851056 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Swearing, moral order, and online communication
Jay, T. B. (2018) · Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict · doi:10.1075/jlac.00005.jay · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rubio, M. M. D. S. (2023) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2023.01.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Leite, Â., Cardoso, S., & Monteiro, A. P. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20126136 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Although certainly beneficial, they can also represent a source of problems when used problematically or additively [1–3], and/or the emergence of various forms of abuse [4,5] and unwanted and problematic digital contact [6,7].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWang, H., Zhou, L., Geng, J., & Lei, L. (2021) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21994 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nag, D., Jones, K. P., Lindsey, A., Robinson, A. N., & Arena, D. F. (2022) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12477 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Is rudeness really that common? An exploratory study of incivility at work
McCarthy, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10919392.2016.1228362 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lee, J. Y., Panteli, N., Bülow, A. M., & Hsu, C. W. (2017) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12139 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Petit, J., Li, C., & Ali, K. I. (2020) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2020.101471 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Conflict, opacity and mistrust in the digital management of professional translation projects
Alonso, E. (2016) · The International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research · doi:10.12807/ti.108201.2016.a02 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mock impoliteness in Saudi Arabia: Evil eye expressive and responsive strategies
Alqarni, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2020.05.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hülür, G., Luo, M., Macdonald, B., & Grünjes, C. E. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231215269 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Distant Relations: The Affordances of Email in Interorganizational Conflict
Bülow, A., Lee, J. Y. H., & Panteli, N. (2016) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/2329488416633847 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Atai, M., & Chahkandi, F. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.12.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
(In)Appropriate Online Behavior: A Pragmatic Analysis of Message Board Relations
(2014) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-02-2014-0038 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Unravelling the mysteries of cyber incivility: a systematic review and research agenda
Shahwar, D., & Dhar, R. L. (2023) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-06-2023-0115 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
AlAfnan, M. A. (2015) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.4p.77 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Traditional bullying and cyber-bullying : are the impacts on self-concept the same?
Hines, H. N. (2011) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hocquet, A., & Wieber, F. (2017) · IEEE Annals of the History of Computing · doi:10.1109/mahc.2018.1221048 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Charlier, S. D., Giumetti, G. W., Reeves, C. J., & Greco, L. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119256151.ch7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Who is really British anyway?”: A thematic analysis of responses to online hate materials
Rohlfing, S., & Sonnenberg, S. J. (2016) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2016-4-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Impact of Anonymous Peripheral Contributions on Open Source Software Development
Daniel, S. L., Chung, T. R., & Sharma, P. N. (2020) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00133 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mailing list archives as useful primary sources for historians: looking for flame wars
Hocquet, A., & Wieber, F. (2018) · Internet Histories · doi:10.1080/24701475.2018.1456741 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
UNDERSTANDING PERCEIVED FLAMING TENDENCIES ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
(2011) · Issues in Information Systems · doi:10.48009/1_iis_2011_425-435 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hypernegative Interpretation of Negatively Perceived Email at Work
SILLARS, A. L., & Zorn, T. E. (2020) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318920979828 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Samnani, A. (2024) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2024.2416523 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Devlin, A. M. (2016) · Russian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/19409419.2016.1219642 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lehti, L., Isosävi, J., Laippala, V., & Luotolahti, M. (2016) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Aull, B., & Aull, L. L. (2021) · The Journal of Writing Analytics · doi:10.37514/jwa-j.2021.5.1.07 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Signaling outrage is a signal about the sender: moral perceptions of online flaming
Monge, C. K., & Laurent, S. M. (2024) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmae001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gender and Politeness in Indian Emails
Kaul, A., & Kulkarni, V. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-61520-773-2.ch025 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A violência verbal em comentários eletrônicos: um estudo discursivo-interacional
Balocco, A. E., & Shepherd, T. M. G. (2017) · DELTA Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada · doi:10.1590/0102-44506536361317067 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Milne, E. (2021) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/10434.001.0001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Genre Emergence in Amateur Flash
Paolillo, J. C., Warren, J., & Kunz, B. (2010) · Text, speech and language technology · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9178-9_13 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Удалённая работа в виртуальном офисе: изменение социального пространства работника в организации
Gurieva, S. D., Gurieva, S. D., & Mararitsa, L. V. (2023) · Организационная психология · doi:10.17323/2312-5942-2023-13-2-230-249 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Twitter and the Real Academia Española: perspectives on impoliteness
Koike, D. A., Garre-León, V., & Cejudo, G. P. (2021) · Journal of Politeness Research · doi:10.1515/pr-2019-0022 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Online moral deviance: an integrative review of digital behaviors
Chen, X., Saharuddin, N., Yasin, M., & Wang, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1573164 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flame Detector Model: A Prototype for Detecting Flames in Social Networking Sites
Shukla, S. S. P., Nitin, N., Singh, S. P., Parande, N. S., Khare, A., & Pandey, N. K. (2012) · UKSim International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim) · doi:10.1109/uksim.2012.84 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hate Speech in sozialen Medien: Ein Forschungsüberblick aus Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft
Jaki, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65964-9_2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Gain and Loss Frames in News Subscription Appeals
Kim, Y., Collier, J. R., & Stroud, N. J. (2021) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.1873812 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Silencing dissent in an online discussion forum of a higher education institution
Postma, L., & Blignaut, A. S. (2013) · The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa · doi:10.4102/td.v9i2.207 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Enforcing community guidelines in web-based communities: the case of flame comments on YouTube
Nycyk, M. (2016) · International Journal of Web Based Communities · doi:10.1504/ijwbc.2016.077254 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Internet Practices and Differences in Youths' Acceptability of Online Verbal Violence
Gauducheau, N. (2019) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2019040102 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Social relationships in blog webrings
Qian, H. (2008) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Antisocial Behaviour Orders: Unanticipated Directions in Social Network Site Development
Light, B., Griffiths, D. M., & McGarrie, R. E. (2008) · University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Journalism in the age of social media:the case of the “In Memorial: Virginia Tech” Facebook group
Gloviczki, P. (2012) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Onwuegbuche, F. C., Titung, R., Rantanen, E. M., Jurcut, A. D., Alm, C. O., & Pasquale, L. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3615788 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Atypical responses of job candidates in chatbot job interviews and their possible triggers
Řepová, H., Král, P., & Zouhar, J. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100038 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Email and performance feedback: an exploratory study of e-feedback
Balsor, M. R., & Weatherbee, T. G. (2010) · Saint Mary's University Institutional Repository (Saint Mary's University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
. look im over here: Creativity, Materiality and Representation in New Communication Technologies
Goddard, A. (2011) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-92482-0_10 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Atifi, H., Marcoccia, M., & Gauducheau, N. (2014) · Recherches en éducation · doi:10.4000/ree.8473 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES AND PROCLIVITY OF FACEBOOK USERS TOWARDS FLAMING
(2012) · Issues in Information Systems · doi:10.48009/1_iis_2012_25-39 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Why We Need a New Theory of CyberbullyingPreprint
Mahon, C. M. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2531796 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kinoshita, T., & Aida, M. (2020) · International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW) · doi:10.1109/candarw51189.2020.00019 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recovering Civility during COVID-19
Bonotti, M., & Zech, S. T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6706-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Detecting the Flames on the Real Time Status through Flame Detector
Shukla, S. S. P., & Nitin, N. (2012) · International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communications (ICACC) · doi:10.1109/icacc.2012.58 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kumar, R. (2019) · Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict · doi:10.1075/jlac.00028.kum · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Uncovering Flaming Events on News Media in Social Media
Rajapaksha, P., Farahbakhsh, R., Crespi, N., & Defude, B. (2019) · IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference · doi:10.1109/ipccc47392.2019.8958759 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Welcome to Academia, Expect Cyberbullying
Snyder-Yuly, J., Patton, T. O., & Gomez, S. L. (2020) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4912-4.ch012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Civility as Politeness During COVID-19
Bonotti, M., & Zech, S. T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6706-7_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Iorio, J. B. (2010) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neff, A. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/7559 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Is Online Community Transformative Community?
Longden, L. (2013) · Journal of Adult Theological Education · doi:10.1179/1740714114z.00000000017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Layered Based Approach for Flaming in Social Networking Sites
Nitin, N., Shukla, S. S. P., Nishant, K., Sharma, P., Krishna, V., & Rastogi, P. (2012) · International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN) · doi:10.1109/cicn.2012.137 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Verma, R., Nitin, N., & Srivastava, A. K. (2016) · International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals · doi:10.4018/ijhcitp.2016100103 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2015) · Issues in Information Systems · doi:10.48009/2_iis_2015_1-15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Turnage, A. K.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turnage, Anna K.
- Venue
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-59
- ISSN
- 1083-6101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058673351
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Digital Communication and Language
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Conflict Management and Negotiation
- Keywords
- organizational conflict, swearing, exclamation points, question marks, email etiquette, computer-mediated communication, semantic differential
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
