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Cited by 192Thermoregulation and physiological responsesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological Responses

Acute effects of dehydration on sweat composition in men during prolonged exercise in the heat

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Morgan, R. M., Patterson, M. J., Nimmo, M. A.·2004·Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01305.x
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Abstract

Aim: To determine whether acute exercise‐heat‐induced dehydration affects sweat composition, eight males cycled for 2 h at 39.5 ± 1.6%O 2peak on two separate occasions in a hot‐humid environment (38.0 ± 0.0 °C, 60.0 ± 0.1% relative humidity). Methods: During exercise, subjects ingested either no fluid (dehydration) or a 20 mmol L−1 sodium chloride solution (euhydration). The volume of solution, calculated from whole‐body sweat loss and determined in a familiarization trial, was ingested at 0 min and every 15 min thereafter. Venous blood was collected at 0, 60 and 120 min of exercise and sweat was aspirated from a patch located on the dominant forearm at 120 min. Results: Following the 2‐h cycling exercise, sweat [Na+] and [Cl−] was greater (P < 0.05) in the dehydration trial (Na+ 91.1 ± 6.8 mmol L−1; Cl− 73.3 ± 3.5 mmol L−1) compared with the euhydration trial (Na+ 81.1 ± 5.9 mmol L−1; Cl− 68.5 ± 3.3 mmol L−1). In addition, dehydration invoked a greater serum [Na+] (142.2 ± 0.7 mmol L−1; P < 0.05), [Cl−] (105.8 ± 0.6 mmol L−1; P < 0.05) and [K+] (5.27 ± 0.2 mmol L−1; P < 0.05) over the euhydration values for [Na+], [Cl−] and [K+], respectively (138.9 ± 0.6, 102.9 ± 0.5 and 4.88 ± 0.1 mmol L−1). Plasma aldosterone was also significantly higher during exercise in the dehydration trial compared with the euhydration trial (53.8 ± 3.8 vs. 40.0 ± 4.3 ng dL−1; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Acute exercise‐heat stress without fluid replacement resulted in a greater sweat [Na+] and [Cl−] which was potentially related to greater extracellular fluid [Na+], plasma aldosterone or sympathetic nervous activity.

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  • The dehydration trends are probably caused by increased blood serum [Na+] and [K+] with dehydration and increased neural stimulation, agreeing with previous ex situ sweat analyses.

    “These trends are probably caused by increased blood serum [Na+] and [K+] with dehydration and increased neural stimulation, a conclusion in agreement with previous ex situ sweat analyses33.”

    From Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [33]

    The Results report higher serum Na+ and K+ during dehydration, and the Discussion proposes greater extracellular Na+ and sympathetic nervous activity as possible explanations for higher sweat Na+. The Discussion’s concluding mechanism emphasizes Na+ and Cl−, aldosterone, and sympathetic activity; it does not identify increased serum K+ as a specific cause. The Experimental procedures describe sweat collected from a forearm patch and analyzed after collection, consistent with ex situ analysis. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Sweat [Na+], [Cl−], and [K+] have been shown to increase, decrease, or not change in response to dehydration during exercise and/or heat stress.

    “Sweat [Na+], [Cl−], and [K+] have been shown to increase (Lichton 1957; Morgan et al. 2004), decrease (Armstrong et al. 1985b; Costill et al. 1976), or not change (Amatruda and Welt 1953; Morgan et al. 2004; Robinson et al. 1956; Walsh et al. 1994) in response to dehydration during exercise and/or heat stress.”

    From Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition (2020) · cites this paper as Morgan et al. 2004

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Sato, K. 1993. The mechanism of eccrine sweat secretion. In: C.V. Gisolfi, D.R. Lamb & E.R. Nadel (eds) Exercise, Heat, and Thermoregulation, Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine: Vol. 6, pp. 85-117. WCB Brown & Benchmark, Dubuque, IA.

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Authors
Morgan, R. M., Patterson, M. J., & Nimmo, M. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Strathclyde (GB)
  • Defence Science and Technology Group (AU)
Corresponding author
Nimmo, M. A.
ORCID
Nimmo, M. A.
Venue
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-08-26
Volume
182
Issue
1
Pages
37-43
ISSN
  • 0001-6772 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-201X
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01305.x
OpenAlex
W1969530683
Cited by
192
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Acta Physiologica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Australian Government
  • Defence Science and Technology Group
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
dehydration, sweat composition, exercise in the heat, hot humid environment, serum sodium, serum chloride, serum potassium, plasma aldosterone, fluid replacement, sweat sodium, sweat chloride, extracellular volume, thermoregulation, electrolyte balance, cycling exercise, men, serum osmolality, serum bicarbonate, serum lactate
MeSH terms
Adult, Aldosterone, Body Temperature Regulation, Chlorides, Dehydration, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Potassium, Sodium, Sweat, Exercise

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