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Cited by 103Lymphadenopathy Diagnosis and AnalysisTuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyDiagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis

Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by FNAC, microbiological methods and PCR: a comparative study

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Aljafari, A. S., Khalil, E. A. G., Elsiddig, K. E., El Hag, I. A., Ibrahim, M. E., Elsafi, M. E. M. O., Hussein, A. M., Elkhidir, I. M. +2 more·2004·Cytopathology
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2003.00119.x
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Abstract

Despite its usefulness in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) faces several limitations, and its sensitivity and specificity are not well established. The diagnostic accuracy and limitations of FNAC were studied in comparison with conventional microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sixty patients with lymphadenopathy and a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis were subjected to FNA. The aspirate was used for cytological examination, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, mycobacterial culture and PCR. PCR was performed using two sets of oligonucleotide primers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a single primer for M. bovis species. The results of FNAC, microbiological methods and PCR correlated with the clinical outcome after follow-up for an average period of 24 months. Twenty-five cases (41.6%) were treated and responded well to anti-tuberculosis therapy, among them 17 were correctly diagnosed by FNAC (68%), eight by microbiological methods (32%) and 24 by PCR (96%). When PCR is considered the gold standard, FNAC predicted the correct diagnosis in 62% of cases with a high false negative rate (38%) due to the absence of granuloma/necrosis in smears from cases of early tuberculosis. In the latter group PCR proved to be the most valuable and a diagnostic success of 100% was achieved when FNAC and PCR were combined. In addition, PCR allowed immediate characterization of M. tuberculosis in the vast majority (96.2%) of cases in the study population.

Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2003.00119.x

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 22 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    The yield of mycobacterial culture in this study was 8%.

    “However, the yield of mycobacterial culture in this study (8%) was extremely low.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Combining FNAC and PCR achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 100%.

    “a diagnostic success of 100% was achieved when FNAC and PCR were combined.”
    • Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
      “When PCR and FNAC were combined a sensitivity of 100% could be attained.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Clinical outcome (response to anti-tuberculosis therapy or spontaneous regression) is a valid gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.
    • The authors state this as an assumption: PCR can be considered the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.
  • Findingown data

    PCR allowed immediate characterization of M. tuberculosis in 96.2% of cases in the study population.

    “PCR allowed immediate characterization of M. tuberculosis in the vast majority (96.2%) of cases in the study population.”
    • Also stated in: § Molecular studies (PCR) · plain
      “Twenty-five were characterized as M. tuberculosis (96.2%) and one as M. bovis (3.8%).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The AFB positive rate in this study was 24%.

    “Our AFB positive rate of 24% falls within the reported range of 10-77%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Among the 25 treated cases, microbiological methods correctly diagnosed 8 (32%).

    “eight by microbiological methods (32%)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 26
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 16

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In this study, routine microbiological methods (AFB staining and culture) were highly specific (100%) but of low sensitivity (32%).

    “In this study, routine microbiological methods (staining for acid fast bacilli and culture) were highly specific (100%) but of low sensitivity (32%).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Mycobacterial DNA was detected by PCR in 26 cases (43.3%); 16 were from the FNAC tuberculous group, 10 from the reactive group, and none from the malignant group.

    “Mycobacterial DNA was detected in 26 cases (43.3%); 16 cases were from the FNAC tuberculous group, 10 from the reactive and none from the malignant group.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    When PCR is considered the gold standard, FNAC had a sensitivity of 62% and a false negative rate of 38%.

    “When PCR is considered the gold standard, FNAC predicted the correct diagnosis in 62% of cases with a high false negative rate (38%)”
    • Also stated in: § Treatment and follow-up · plain
      “When PCR is considered the Ôgold stand-ardÕ, FNAC gave a sensitivity of 62% with a false negative rate of 38%.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: PCR can be considered the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In this study, M. tuberculosis was the causative agent in the vast majority of cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis, and M. bovis was rarely encountered.

    “In the present study, M. tuberculosis was the causative agent in the vast majority of cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis.Mycobacterium bovis is rarely encountered.”
    • Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
      “M. tuberculosis is the principal cause of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Sudanese patients while M. bovis rarely causes this disease.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In this study, 25 of 60 patients (41.6%) with lymphadenopathy and a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis received anti-tuberculosis therapy and all responded well.

    “Twenty-five cases (41.6%) were treated and responded well to anti-tuberculosis therapy”
    • Also stated in: § Treatment and follow-up · plain
      “A total of 25 (41.6%)patients received anti-tuberculosis therapy.All responded very well to the prescribed regimen.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The cervical lymph node group was the commonest group affected (88.2%).

    “The cervical lymph node group was the commonest group affected (88.2%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    None of the cases in this study was HIV positive.

    “None of our cases was HIV positive.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Mycobacterial infection was diagnosed in 8 cases (13.3%), 2 by positive culture for M. tuberculosis and 6 by positive AFB staining; all were from the FNAC tuberculous group.

    “Mycobacterial infection was diagnosed in eight cases (13.3%), two by positive culture for M. tuberculosis and six by positive staining for AFB.All were from the FNAC tuberculous group.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Two PCR-positive cases who tested negative by FNAC were not treated; their clinical suspicion was low and their condition remained unchanged.

    “Two of our PCR-positive cases who tested negative by FNAC were not treated.In these cases, the clinical suspicion index was low and their condition remained unchanged.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    PCR positive rate was 94.1% among the FNAC tuberculous group and 25.6% among the FNAC reactive group.

    “PCR positive rate among the FNAC tuberculous group was 94.1%, while the rate among FNAC reactive group was 25.6%.”
    • Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
      “The vast majority of patients (94.1%) with FNAC findings characteristic of tuberculous lymphadenitis were positive in PCR.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In the tuberculous group, 53% of smears showed epithelioid cell granuloma alone, 29.4% necrotizing granulomas, and 17.6% predominantly necrotic material.

    “In the tuberculous group, 53% of the smears showed epithelioid cell granuloma alone.Necrotizing granulomas were seen in 29.4% and predominantly necrotic material in the remainder of cases (17.6%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Ten of 39 patients with cytomorphological features of reactive lymphadenopathy had positive PCR results for mycobacterial disease, giving a false negative rate of 38% for FNAC.

    “Ten of 39 patients with cytomorphological features of reactive lymphadenopathy had positive PCR results for mycobacterial disease, giving a false negative rate of 38% for FNAC.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In the remaining 35 cases, metastatic disease was confirmed histologically in all 4 cases, and lymph nodes regressed in all 29 PCR-negative FNAC-reactive cases or remained unchanged in 2 PCR-positive FNAC-reactive cases.

    “Of the remaining 35 cases, the metastatic nature of the disease was confirmed histologically in all cases (4) and the lymph nodes regressed in all PCR-negative FNAC-reactive cases (29) or remained unchanged in two PCR-positive FNAC-reactive cases.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Other sites involved were the axilla and groin.

    “Other sites involved were the axilla and groin.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Adults constituted 76.7% of the study population with a male to female ratio of 1:1.

    “Adults constituted 76.7% of the study population with male to female ratio of 1 : 1.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Of the 60 cases, 17 (28.3%) had cytological features diagnostic of tuberculous lymphadenitis, 39 (65%) had reactive lymphadenopathy, and 4 (6.7%) showed secondary deposits.

    “Of the total 60 cases, 17 (28.3%)had cytological features diagnostic of tuberculous lymphadenitis, 39 (65%) with cytomorphological features of reactive lymphadenopathy and four cases (6.7%) showed secondary deposits.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisenone given

    The separation of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas from those seen in other conditions depends on the demonstration of acid fast bacilli using ZN stains or modifications.

    “Their separation from non-caseating granulomas seen in different conditions such as sarcoidosis, lymph nodes draining areas of cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, low grade T-cell lymphoma and lymph nodes with metastatic disease depends on the demonstration of acid fast bacilli using ZN stains or its modifications.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The most commonly affected glands were those of the cervical region, a finding similar to ours.

    “The most commonly affected glands were those of the cervical region, 4 a finding similar to ours.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] 4. Kato M, Kinoshita K. Tuberculous lymphadenitis. J Nippon Rinsho 1998;56:3122-5.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    PCR and its modifications are the most recently applied methods in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

    “PCR and its modifications are the most recently applied methods in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.24,25”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [24] 24. Goel MM, Ranjan V, Dhole TN, Srivastava AN, Mehrotra A, Kushwaha MR. Polymerase chain reaction vs. con- ventional diagnosis in fine needle aspirate of tuberculous lymph node. Acta Cytol 2001;45:333-40. source
    • cites [25] 25. Sharaf-Eldin GS, Saeed NS, Hamid ME et al. Molecular analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis collected from patients with persistent disease in the Khartoum region of Sudan. J Infect 2002;44:244-51. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas are commonly seen in tuberculous lymphadenitis.

    “Non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas are commonly seen in tuberculous lymphadenitis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In endemic areas, FNA has become a first-line diagnostic technique that is highly sensitive and specific, where the mere presence of epithelioid cell granuloma indicates tuberculosis until proven otherwise.

    “FNA has become the first-line diagnostic technique that is highly sensitive and specific in endemic areas, where the mere presence of epithelioid cell granuloma indicates tuberculosis until proven otherwise.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    A precise and prompt diagnosis using PCR is needed in FNAC-negative, clinically suspicious cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

    “Therefore, a precise and prompt diagnosis using PCR is needed in FNAC negative, clinically suspicious cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Clinical outcome (response to anti-tuberculosis therapy or spontaneous regression) is a valid gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.
    • The authors state this as an assumption: PCR can be considered the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Ellison et al. reported a sensitivity of 25% and a positive predictive value of 65% for FNA from the USA.

    “Ellison et al. reported a sensitivity of 25% and a positive predictive value of 65% from USA. 15”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] 15. Finfer M, Perchick A, Bursyein DE. Fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in patients with and without the acquired immune deficiency syn- drome. Acta Cytol 1991;35:325-32. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Negative and positive controls with 100 bp DNA markers were included with each PCR run.

    “Negative and positive controls with 100 bp DNA markers were included with”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationnone given

    The negativity of one PCR sample (5.9%) may have been due to inadequate material.

    “The negativity of one sample (5.9%) may have been due to inadequate material.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Yassin et al. reported a high PCR positivity (65%) among clinically suspected cases tested negative for tuberculous lymphadenitis by cytology, a figure higher than that observed in the present study (25.6%).

    “Yassin et al. reported a high PCR positivity (65%) among clinically suspected cases tested negative for tuberculous lymphadenitis by cytology, 23 a figure higher than that observed in the present study (25.6%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [23] 23. Baek CH, Kim SI, Ko YH, Chu KC. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from fine needle aspirate for the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Laryngoscope 2000;110:30-4. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Reported sensitivity of FNA from endemic areas ranges from 97% to 100% and specificity from 88% to 100%.

    “The reported sensitivity from endemic areas ranges from 97% to 100% and the specificity ranges from 88% to 100%.[20][21][22]”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [20][21][22]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    FNAC has proved valuable in the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis in endemic countries and provides an easy way for collecting materials for bacteriological examination.

    “FNAC) has proved valuable in the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis in countries where mycobacterial infections are endemic and it also provides an easy way for collecting materials for bacteriological examination.13,14”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [13] 13. Radhika S, Gupta SK, Chakabarti A, Rajwanski A, Joshi K. The role of culture of mycobacteria in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Diagn Cytopathol 1989;5:260-2. source
    • cites [14] 14. Ellison E, Lapuerta P, Martin SE. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Sensitivity and predictive value in the United States. Acta Cytol 1999; 43:153-7. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Inadequate culture volume, short incubation period and use of L.J. slopes instead of a liquid culture system are possible explanations for the low culture yield.

    “Inadequate culture volume, short incubation period and the use of L.J. slopes instead of the liquid culture system are possible explanations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Clinicians were blinded to the PCR results.

    “Clinicians were blinded to the PCR results.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The findings of this study are in concordance with previously published results from Sudan.

    “These findings are in concordance with previously published results from this country.6”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. Kheiry J, Ahmed ME. Cervical lymphadenopathy in Khartoum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992;95:416-9.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Conventional microbiological methods are specific but give low sensitivity.

    “Although specific, the microbiological methods give low sensitivity.12”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [12] 12. Gupta AK, Nayar M, Chandra M. Critical appraisal of fine needle aspiration cytology in tuberculous lymphadenitis. Acta Cytol 1992;36:391-4.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    PCR proved to be highly sensitive and specific as demonstrated by this study.

    “It proved to be highly sensitive and specific as was clearly demonstrated by this study.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Clinical outcome (response to anti-tuberculosis therapy or spontaneous regression) is a valid gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    The smears in these cases were reactive lymphadenopathies and subsequent histological sections revealed few small granulomas in a background of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

    “The smears in these cases were reactive lymphadenopathies and subsequent histological sections revealed few small granulomas in a background of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [22] 22. Yassin MA, Olobo JO, Kidnae D et al. Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Butajira, rural Ethiopia. Scand J Infect Dis 2003;35:240-3. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The difference in PCR positivity between Yassin et al. and the present study may be due to the high prevalence of HIV infection (22.5%) in that study.

    “The difference may be due to the high prevalence of HIV infection (22.5%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The present study's results are more representative than other endemic-area studies because they were based on correlation with a sensitive method (PCR) and a long follow-up that included treated and untreated cases.

    “We feel that our results are more representative as they were based on correlation with a sensitive method (PCR) and a long follow-up that included treated as well as untreated cases, while results from other endemic areas were based on cytological/histological correlation or outcome of treatment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    FNAC added very little to the diagnostic powers of PCR, while PCR added more to FNAC.

    “However, FNAC added very little to the diagnostic powers of PCR while the contrary was true.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Clinical outcome (response to anti-tuberculosis therapy or spontaneous regression) is a valid gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.
    • The authors state this as an assumption: PCR can be considered the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The value of PCR extends beyond mere identification of the causative agent to characterize clinical isolates and determine resistant strains.

    “Its value extends beyond mere identification of the causative agent to characterize clinical isolate and determine resistant strains.26”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [26] 26. Benjamin DR. Granulomatous lymphadenitis in children. Arch Path Lab Med 1987;111:750-3.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In 1992, Kheiry et al. drew attention to an increasing number of cases in Khartoum.

    “In 1992, Kheiry et al. drew attention to the fact that there was an increasing number of cases in Khartoum.7”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] 7. Mackie TJ, McCartney JE. Practical Medical Microbiology. New York: Churchill Livingstone;1996;339-46.
39 of 39

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The incidence and prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Sudan is poorly documented.

    “The incidence and prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Sudan is poorly documented.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Clinical outcome (response to anti-tuberculosis therapy or spontaneous regression) is a valid gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

    “The results of FNAC, microbiological examinations and PCR correlated with the clinical outcome, which is considered the gold standard.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    PCR can be considered the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

    “When PCR is considered the gold standard”
3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Kheiry study is assigned the wrong reference number

    Minor

    The discussion cites Kheiry et al. as reference 7, but entry 7 is a book by Mackie and McCartney. The Kheiry and Ahmed paper appears as reference 6.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 28 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. TageldinNH.A comparative study of the pathology and bacteriology of human and animal tuberculosis in Sudan. PhD thesis University of Khartoum 1974.
  2. HussainAM.Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of tuberculous lymphadenitis. MD thesis University of Khartoum 1994.

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Related

Authors
Aljafari, A. S., Khalil, E. A. G., Elsiddig, K. E., El Hag, I. A., Ibrahim, M. E., Elsafi, M. E. M. O., Hussein, A. M., Elkhidir, I. M., Sulaiman, G. S., & Elhassan, A. M.
Affiliations
University of Khartoum (SD)
Corresponding author
Khalil, E. A. G.
ORCID
Venue
Cytopathology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-01-28
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
44-48
ISSN
  • 0956-5507 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2303
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2303.2003.00119.x
OpenAlex
W2022806812
Cited by
103
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
FWCI
6.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Cytopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lymphadenopathy Diagnosis and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Keywords
tuberculous lymphadenitis, fine needle aspiration cytology, PCR, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, mycobacterial culture, diagnostic accuracy, false negative rate, early tuberculosis, lymphadenopathy
MeSH terms
Adult, False Negative Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biopsy, Fine-Needle

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