The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ) and anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) in the Bay of Biscay
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Large amplitude variations in recruitment of small pelagic fish result from interactions between a fluctuating environment and population dynamics processes such as spawning. The spatial extent and location of spawning, which is critical to the fate of eggs and larvae, can vary strongly from year to year, as a result of changing population structure and environmental conditions. Spawning habitat can be divided into ‘potential spawning habitat’, defined as habitat where the hydrographic conditions are suitable for spawning, ‘realized spawning habitat’, defined as habitat where spawning actually occurs, and ‘successful spawning habitat’, defined as habitat from where successful recruitment has resulted. Using biological data collected during the period 2000–2004, as well as hydrographic data, we investigate the role of environmental parameters in controlling the potential spawning habitat of anchovy and sardine in the Bay of Biscay. Anchovy potential spawning habitat appears to be primarily related to bottom temperature followed by surface temperature and mixed‐layer depth, whilst surface and bottom salinity appear to play a lesser role. The possible influence of hydrographic factors on the spawning habitat of sardine seems less clear than for anchovy. Modelled relationships between anchovy and sardine spawning are used to predict potential spawning habitat from hydrodynamical simulations. The results show that the seasonal patterns in spawning are well reproduced by the model, indicating that hydrographic changes may explain a large fraction of spawning spatial dynamics. Such models may prove useful in the context of forecasting potential impacts of future environmental changes on sardine and anchovy reproductive strategy in the north‐east Atlantic.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Using 2000–2004 PELGAS egg and hydrographic data, this study models potential spawning habitat of sardine and anchovy in the Bay of Biscay with generalised additive models. Anchovy habitat is best predicted by bottom temperature, surface temperature and mixed-layer depth, while sardine relationships are weaker and less clear.
Key findings
- Anchovy potential spawning habitat was best explained by bottom temperature (35% deviance, GCV 0.508), followed by surface temperature and mixed-layer depth; surface and bottom salinity played lesser roles. Anchovy spawning occurred mostly at 14.5–19°C surface and 12–15°C bottom, with a lower bottom-temperature limit near 12°C and an optimal surface temperature around 17°C; eggs were preferentially in low surface salinity (<34), shallow mixed layers, and either weakly stratified (PED <30 J) or highly stratified (PED >110 J) waters.
- Sardine relationships were less clear: all hydrographic predictors had similar deviance and GCV scores, and deviance explained was generally lower than for anchovy. Sardine showed a surface thermal preferendum around 12.5–15°C, a bimodal bottom-temperature response with a first mode near 11.75°C and positive values beyond 12.5°C, and bimodal surface salinity effects (<33.5 and >35.25); eggs occurred across mixing depths, with higher presence for deep or very shallow mixed layers and decreasing presence as stratification increased.
- Multiple-predictor GAMs for anchovy improved up to 5 predictors but gained little beyond a 3-predictor model (bottom temperature, surface salinity, surface temperature); the best sardine model included all six hydrographic predictors. Hydrodynamical simulations for 1999 reproduced seasonal spawning patterns, with anchovy potential habitat absent in late winter and extending in spring, while sardine habitat covered larger, more patchy areas and extended northward.
- Adult biomass was almost unrelated to mean egg-presence probability for anchovy (r² = 0.02, n = 5); sardine showed a positive relationship (r² = 0.6, n = 4) but it depended on one year (2001), so the study could not conclude that year-to-year realised spawning habitat was directly linked to adult biomass.
Methods
- Five spring PELGAS cruises (2000–2004) sampled the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. Eggs were collected with a CUFES pumping seawater at 3 m depth at about 500 L/min, with 20-minute samples corresponding to about 10 m³ filtered seawater over about 3 nautical miles; sardine and anchovy eggs were identified, counted, standardised to eggs per 10 m³, and converted to presence/absence. Hydrographic profiles were taken at fixed stations at night with CTD; six parameters were derived: surface and bottom temperature, surface and bottom salinity, potential energy deficit, and mixed-layer depth; profiles deeper than 100 m were truncated to the first 100 m.
- Egg presence and hydrographic parameters were interpolated on the same 1/8° grid by ordinary point kriging. Generalised additive models (GAMs) in R’s mgcv were fitted first with single predictors, ranked by deviance explained, GCV score, and confidence regions, then with multiple predictors (1–6) selected by GCV and deviance. Potential habitat was predicted from MARS3D hydrodynamical simulations (5 km horizontal resolution, 10 vertical sigma layers) for 1999, restricted to areas shallower than 1000 m, with no prediction where modelled predictors fell outside observed ranges.
Limitations
- Stated: the field cruises were centred on spawning areas and timing, so they included only a fraction of non-spawning sites and a limited range of hydrographic situations; the description is limited to subsurface (3 m) egg presence, and vertical egg distribution was not modelled; simulations depend heavily on the hydrodynamical model’s realism; predicting potential spawning habitat is not predicting realised spawning or spawning success; and the biomass analysis could not establish a year-to-year link to realised spawning habitat for the period studied.
- Evident from the text: individual GAM p-values could not be used because of strong spatial autocorrelation and unknown true degrees of freedom; the study covers only five years (2000–2004) and one simulation year (1999); and sardine relationships were weak and less clear, with all hydrographic predictors performing similarly and lower deviance explained than for anchovy.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
33 Own result · 24 No basis given · 7 Sources not found · 7 Own interpretation · 5 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Own method · 1 Supported so far · 1 Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This structure is known to be present from southern Brittany, down to the latitude of the Gironde estuary, centred over the 100-m depth zone.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Vincent andKurc, 1969
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Puillat et al., 2004 source
Section 2.2 (Thermal variability) explicitly describes the cold pool as extending from southern Brittany to the latitude of the Gironde estuary, centred over the 100-m-deep zone. (LLM, conf=0.95)
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The possible influence of hydrographic factors on the spawning habitat of sardine seems less clear than for anchovy.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Abstract
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results show that the seasonal patterns in spawning are well reproduced by the model,”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Abstract
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: GAM relationships fitted on 2000-2004 egg presence and hydrographic data can be applied to hydrodynamical simulations to predict potential spawning habitat.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anchovy potential spawning habitat appears to be primarily related to bottom temperature followed by surface temperature and mixed-layer depth, whilst surface and bottom salinity appear to play a lesser role.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is combined with a preference for either weakly stratified (PED < 30 J) or highly stratified waters (PED > 110 J, Fig. 5f 10 left).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Salinity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is a large degree of interannual variability in anchovy egg distribution.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Egg distribution
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The situation is not as clear for sardine, with all hydrographic predictors having close values of both percentage of deviance explained and GCV scores.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Ranking of hydrographic predictors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of April, most of the continental shelf is suitable for sardine spawning.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Distribution of sardine eggs can extend throughout the area covered by the survey, i.e. the Bay of Biscay continental shelf.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Egg distribution
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eggs are generally found in very low number in waters with mixed layer depth greater than 50m.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Salinity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 32
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Previous studies (Coombs et al., 1985, Olivar et al., 2001, Boyra 20 et al., 2003, Coombs et al., 2003) suggest that the vertical distribution of anchovy and sardine eggs is variable but in most cases a fraction of the eggs is always present in the first 5 meters”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Coombs et al., 1985 source
- Supportedcites Olivar et al., 2001 source
The Anchovy results report eggs throughout the sampled water column, concentrated in its upper layers. The Pilchard results describe a broader distribution but say later-stage eggs were concentrated in the upper 5 m. Together, these passages support variable vertical distributions with some eggs near the surface in the populations studied. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Boyra et al., 2003 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The influence of bottom salinity is less obvious although there is a decline in the GAM function with 30 increasing salinity (Fig. 5b left).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Salinity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By early spring the potential spawning habitat has extended over a broader area but preserve a similar geographical structure.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In late winter, most of the coast along northern Spain 5 appears favourable for spawning, as well as the southern part of the Bay of Biscay up to 45N, excluding a narrow coastal strip.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The six hydrographic parameters chosen provide complementary information and although they can be well structured in space (spatial autocorrelation) they are not strongly correlated with each other.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Hydrology
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For anchovy, the predictor that can best explain egg presence is bottom temperature, with the highest deviance (35%) and lowest GCV score (0.508).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Ranking of hydrographic predictors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For sardine, there is a regular increase in model quality (both in terms of GCV and deviance) as the number of predictors increases, and the best model includes all hydrographic predictors.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > 16
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For bottom temperature the response is bimodal with a first mode around 25 11.75°C, and positive coefficients values beyond 12.5°C.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Temperature
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and eggs found throughout the range of mixing depths with 15 higher presence probabilities for either deep or very shallow mixed layers (Fig. 5e right).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Salinity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anchovy spawning is related to mixing depth, with greater egg presence in shallow mixed layer conditions (Fig. 5e left).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Salinity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The modelled potential spawning habitat of sardine generally covers larger areas and is more patchy than that of anchovy.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along the coast to the north of the Gironde estuary, the hydrographic conditions are not within the range of the GAMs, so there is no prediction of the potential spawning habitat for this region.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, the five cruises have taken place in contrasted hydrographic situations as a result of changes in individual cruise timing and meteorological conditions (e.g.high precipitation in 2001, strong solar heating in 2003).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Hydrology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By late May, 10 potential spawning habitat has restricted towards shallower waters, but also along the shelf break.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For sardine there is a positive relationship (r 2 =0.6, n=4) but it results from one year of observation only, in 2001, when the estimated biomass was low and the mean probability of egg 10 presence was also low.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Adult fish biomass can potentially influence the spatial extent of spawning.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For anchovy, the quality of the models increases up to 5 predictors, although 5 little is gained beyond the 3-predictors model which includes bottom temperature, surface salinity and surface temperature.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > 16
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Surprisingly, bottom temperature appears to be the best predictor for anchovy potential spawning habitat, followed by surface temperature and mixed-layer depth, whilst surface and bottom salinity appear to play a lesser role (Tables 1 and 2).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“The moderate role of salinity in the Bay of Biscay is consistent with the findings of Reid (1966) at the scale of the global ocean.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Reid (1966)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In late May the hydrographic conditions appear favourable over a wide area south of 46°N and more restricted towards the coast in the north.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of April, the southern part of the Bay seems less favourable for spawning whilst to the north of the Gironde the potential habitat extends further towards the middle of the shelf.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Model simulations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aside from temperature effects, high egg abundance seems to prevail in either coastal well mixed areas (i.e.shallow mixed-layer and low stratification energy) or highly stratified river plumes (i.e.shallow mixed-layer depth, high stratification and 5 low surface salinity, Fig. 5).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The late spawning at the shelf break north of 45°N is not well reproduced, although there are areas with high probability of egg presence but with very restricted spatial extension.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
In the paper
“The modelled succession of spatial patterns for anchovy potential spawning habitat in 1999 is in agreement with field observations, as describe in Motos et al. (1996), with early spawning taking place along the coast in the southern part of the Bay, followed by increasing spawning off the Gironde estuary and a gradual displacement towards northern coastal latitudes to the South of Brittany.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Motos et al. (1996)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sardine appears to have a greater tolerance than anchovy for low bottom temperature (Fig. 5) although it also appears to avoid cold pool waters.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sardine eggs can be found in coastal waters (i.e.shallow mixing depth and low stratification energy), but contrary to anchovy they are also found in areas of deep mixing and low stratification energy which correspond to thermal rather than haline stratification in early spring.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The modelled succession of spatial patterns for sardine is also consistent with existing field observations, with 5 potential spawning habitat showing a more fragmented distribution and covering a larger area than for anchovy and progressively extending northward as the season progresses.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
In the paper
“Anchovy spawning occurs preferentially close to the coast and sometimes at the shelf break or in oceanic slope water eddies (Motos et al., 1996).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Anchovy
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Motos et al., 1996
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The impact of salinity has been little described for sardine populations.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Sardine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Stratification, retention and plankton production have been proposed as other controlling factors for anchovy spawning (or spawning success) in the Bay of Biscay (Motos et al., 1996).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Anchovy
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Motos et al., 1996
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Intensity of spawning appears to be constrained by thermal environment : Arbault and Lacroix (1977) have reported anchovy spawning within a thermal window of 14-20°C, Sola et al. (1990) have found a thermal window of 16.5-19°C whilst according to Motos et al. (1996) the thermal range is between 14 and 18°C.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Anchovy
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Arbault and Lacroix (1977)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Sola et al. (1990)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Motos et al. (1996)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In the Bay of Biscay, sardine spawning occurs within a thermal window of 12.5-15°C according to Sola et al. (1990) and of 10-16°C according to Arbault and 5 Lacroix (1977).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Sardine
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sola et al. (1990)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Arbault and Lacroix (1977)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The simulations of potential spawning habitat relies heavily on the capability of the hydrodynamical model to mimic realistically hydrographic conditions.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is likely that anchovy are not directly dependent on temperature close to the bottom, but since temperature displays little gradient below the thermocline, bottom temperature appears as a good proxy for the conditions between the bottom and 25 the thermocline.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
- Rests on an assumption: The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the field cruises are primarily designed to monitor anchovy and sardine populations, they are centred on the area and timing of spawning of the two species and therefore include only a fraction of the non-spawning sites and are limited in the range of hydrographic situations encountered.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there has yet been no quantitative assessment of the link between these factors and anchovy spawning.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Anchovy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“In his world-wide analysis of anchovy distribution, Reid (1966) argues that the genus Engraulis is found from estuaries to high salinity waters, so that it is associated with coastal areas rather than with water of a given salinity range.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Anchovy
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Reid (1966)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Such conditions can be seen as providing the 'hydrographic envelope' of the spawning species, a notion which can be related to the more general 5 'bioclimate envelope' or 'climate space' (see Pearson and Dawson, 2003 and references therein).”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > CONCLUSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pearson and Dawson, 2003 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, one must not forget that predicting potential spawning habitat is not predicting realised spawning and even 10 less predicting spawning success which depends upon adult population structure, biological conditions in the ocean (e.g.predators and preys) as well as environmental hydrodynamical conditions after spawning.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Egg presence is a valid indicator of spawning.
“The definition of potential spawning habitat is based on the existence of a relationship between hydrographic factors and the probability of egg presence.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Spatial and seasonal extent of potential spawning habitat is primarily affected by variability in climate and the environment.
“Spatial and seasonal extent of potential 5 spawning habitat will be primarily affected by variability in climate and the environment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
GAM relationships fitted on 2000-2004 egg presence and hydrographic data can be applied to hydrodynamical simulations to predict potential spawning habitat.
“Using the GAMs (constructed from observed egg distributions and hydrographic situations) it is possible to predict the probability of egg presence from a new set of hydrographic predictors.We have made such attempt using hydrographic results for hydrodynamical simulations.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
If eggs are present in the water column, they will be found at 3 m depth where the CUFES operates; the presence/absence index used in the study can be considered a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.
“It therefore appears to be a reasonable assumption that if eggs are present in the water column they will be found at 25 3m depth where the CUFES operates, and the presence/absence index used in the present study can be considered as a good proxy for presence or absence of eggs in the water column.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The hydrodynamical model can realistically mimic hydrographic conditions.
“The simulations of potential spawning habitat relies heavily on the capability of the hydrodynamical model to mimic realistically hydrographic conditions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adult fish biomass can potentially influence the spatial extent of spawning.
“Another variable which can potentially influence the spatial extent of spawning is the biomass of adult fish spawning.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Similar mechanisms have been proposed also for the spawning of European anchovy in the Mediterranean (Agostini and Bakun, 2002) and in the Bay of Biscay (Bellier et al., 2007;Planque et al., 2007).”
From Evolutionary and ecological constraints of fish spawning habitats (2015) · cites this paper as Planque et al., 2007
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Several other small pelagic species in the eastern Bay of Biscay (Bellier et al., 2007;Planque et al., 2007) and in the Benguella system (Kreiner et al., 2011) display similar degrees of environmental flexibility in their reproductive locale.”
From Evolutionary and ecological constraints of fish spawning habitats (2015) · cites this paper as Planque et al., 2007
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Defining the Spawning habitats
“Factors that affect realised spawning habitat are factors 10 that will affect eggs, larvae and juveniles after spawning has taken place.”
§ Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay > Defining the Spawning habitats
“The successful spawning habitat is defined by the fate of eggs spawned into it.”
Citations
Cites
Cressie, N. (1992) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00605.x · Cited by 9,139
Brown, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532174 · Cited by 8,263
Koyak, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290538 · Cited by 7,717
Cressie, N. A. C. (1993) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781119115151 · Cited by 6,507
Pearson, R. G., & Dawson, T. P. (2003) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1046/j.1466-822x.2003.00042.x · Cited by 4,252
Statistics for Spatial Data, Revised Edition.
Cressie, N. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533238 · Cited by 1,902
Populations in a Seasonal Environment.
Cody, M. L., & Fretwell, S. D. (1973) · Evolution · doi:10.2307/2406975 · Cited by 1,698
Wood, S. N., & Augustin, N. H. (2002) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/s0304-3800(02)00193-x · Cited by 821
Patterns in the ocean: Ocean processes and marine population dynamics
Bakun, A. (1996) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/s0967-0653(97)86596-9 · Cited by 623
Dynamic Geography of Marine Fish Populations
MacCall, A. D. (1990) · Cited by 531
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Ahlstrom E.H., 1965, A review of the effects of the environment of the Pacific sardine, ICNAF Spec. Publ., 6, 53
- Arbault S., 1967, Oeufs et larves de poissons téléostéens dans le golfe de Gascogne en 1964, Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 11
- Arbault S., 1971, Aires de ponte de la sardine, du sprat et de l'anchois dans le golfe de Gascogne et sur le plateau Celtique. Résultats de 6 années d’études, Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches Marit., 35, 35
- Arbault S., 1977, Oeufs et larves de clupeides et engraulides dans le golfe de Gascogne (1969–1973). Distribution des frayères. Relations entre les facteurs du milieu et la reproduction, Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches Marit., 41, 227
- Fage L., 1911, Recherches sur la biologie de l'anchois (Engraulis encrassicholus Linné) ‐ races ‐ âge ‐ migrations, Ann. Inst. Océanogr., 2, 45
- R Development Core Team, 2004, A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
- Reid J.L., 1966, Oceanic environment of the genus Engraulis around the world, CalCOFI Rep., 11, 29
- Sola A., 1990, Seasonal occurrence of pelagic fish eggs and larvae in the Cantabrian Sea (VIIIc) and Galicia (IXa) from 1987 to 1989, ICES CM, 1990, 14
- Stratoudakis Y., 2004, Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) spawning season in the North East Atlantic and relationships with sea surface temperature, ICES CM, 2004, 19
- Tibby R.B., 1937, The relation between surface water temperature and the distribution of spawn of the California sardine (Sardinops caerulea), Cal. Fish. Game, 23, 132
- Westgard T., 1989, Two models for the vertical distribution of pelagic fish eggs in the turbulent upper layer of the ocean, Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer., 191, 195
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ecosystem oceanography for global change in fisheries
Cury, P. M., Shin, Y., Planque, B., Durant, J. M., Fromentin, J., Kramer‐Schadt, S., Stenseth, N. C., Travers‐Trolet, M., & Grimm, V. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.02.005 · Cited by 323
Self-citationImpacts of climate change on the complex life cycles of fish
Petitgas, P., Rijnsdorp, A. D., Dickey‐Collas, M., Engelhard, G. H., Peck, M. A., Pinnegar, J. K., Drinkwater, K. F., Huret, M., & Nash, R. D. M. (2012) · Fisheries Oceanography · doi:10.1111/fog.12010 · Cited by 216
“concomitant increase in surface water temperature above 14°C occurring in April or May, and eggs are generally found in the surface layer (<15 m) (Motos et al., 1996; Planque et al., 2007).”
BackgroundLife cycle ecophysiology of small pelagic fish and climate-driven changes in populations
Peck, M. A., Reglero, P., Takahashi, M., & Catalán, I. A. (2013) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.05.012 · Cited by 183
Giannoulaki, M., Iglesias, M., Tugores, M. P., Bonanno, A., Patti, B., Felice, A. D., Leonori, I., Bigot, J.-L., Tičina, V., Pyrounaki, M. M., et al. (2012) · Fisheries Oceanography · doi:10.1111/fog.12005 · Cited by 155
“This approach links species location information to environmental data, assessing the combination of these environmental conditions that are suitable for the survival of the species (Planque et al., 2007; Zwolinski et al., 2011) in the absence of explicit biotic interactions (such as competition or predation).”
BackgroundInfluentialEvolutionary and ecological constraints of fish spawning habitats
Ciannelli, L., Bailey, K., & Olsen, E. M. (2015) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu145 · Cited by 127
Metadata
- Authors
- PLANQUE, B., BELLIER, E., & LAZURE, P.
- Affiliations
- Ifremer (FR)
- Corresponding author
- PLANQUE, BENJAMIN
- Venue
- Fisheries Oceanography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-10-25
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-30
- ISSN
- 1054-6006 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2419
- OpenAlex
- W1989989422
- Semantic Scholar
- fed6b7a7c0bdb0a57518f9ad49a1723e26462085
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Fisheries Oceanography (publishedVersion)
- HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Marine and fisheries research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Keywords
- sardine, anchovy, Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus, hydrographic conditions, bottom water temperature, mixed layer depth, salinity, spawning seasonality, Bay of Biscay, Northeast Atlantic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-16, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-16 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
