Allocation of larval and adult resources to reproduction in a fruit-feeding butterfly
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Summary: The source of nutritional resources allocated to reproduction strongly influences reproductive and foraging strategies. While we are beginning to understand the role of adult and larval resources for nectivorous Lepidoptera, essentially nothing is known for the large number of species that feed on fruit as adults. We used stable isotopes to examine allocation of larval‐ and adult‐derived resources to egg production in a tropical frugivorous butterfly, Bicyclus anynana (Butler, 1879), under both ad libitum and semistarvation conditions. The butterfly's larval and adult host plants differ from each other in both carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios. Adult fruit feeding is required for the onset of oviposition. At peak, adult fruit feeding contributed 55% of the carbon found in eggs under both feeding conditions. This is similar to values for several nectivorous Lepidoptera with similar ovarian dynamics and egg C/N. Egg 15 N declined rapidly during the first week of oviposition, suggesting that the adult diet was not contributing nitrogen to egg production. Values rose during the following 2 weeks, consistent either with adult contribution or with isotopic fractionation. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that fruit serves as a carbon source for egg production in a similar manner as nectar. However, more work is needed to elucidate fully fruit's role as a nitrogen source.
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Holometabolous insects eclose to adulthood containing energy acquired during larval stages that often represents a significant fraction of the adult energy budget.
“Holometabolous insects eclose to adulthood containing energy acquired during larval stages that often represents a significant fraction of the adult energy budget (Zera and Harshman, 2001;Fischer et al., 2004;Boggs and Freeman, 2005;Boggs, 2009).”
From Contribution of larval nutrition to adult reproduction in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2012) · cites this paper as Fischer et al., 2004
The Introduction (page not available in our copy) says that holometabolous insects draw on stored, usually larval-derived resources as well as adult feeding. The Discussion describes larval stores being depleted by metabolism or maintenance in the studied butterfly. The paper does not establish that those stores often make up a significant fraction of the adult energy budget across holometabolous insects. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLarval nutrients not consumed during metamorphosis are allocated to somatic maintenance and reproduction in the adult.
“Those larval nutrients that are not consumed during metamorphosis are allocated to somatic maintenance and reproduction in the adult (Fischer et al., 2004;Boggs and Freeman, 2005;Min et al., 2006;Boggs, 2009).”
From Contribution of larval nutrition to adult reproduction in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2012) · cites this paper as Fischer et al., 2004
The Introduction describes stored, usually larval-derived resources contributing to adult reproduction. The Discussion suggests that larval stores in starved adult females were depleted by metabolism or general maintenance, but presents this as a probable explanation, not a demonstrated allocation. The paper does not specifically establish how much larval nutrition remains after metamorphosis. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEnergy reserves acquired during the larval stages of holometabolous insects are stored in the larval fat body to fuel the later re-architecture of the animal to the adult form during metamorphosis.
“Energy reserves acquired during the larval stages of holometabolous insects are stored in the larval fat body to fuel the later re-architecture of the animal to the adult form during metamorphosis.”
From Contribution of larval nutrition to adult reproduction in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2012) · cites this paper as Fischer et al., 2004
The Introduction (page not available) says holometabolous insects can draw on stored, usually larval-derived resources. The Discussion (page not available) also refers to larval reserves. Neither passage says those reserves are stored in the larval fat body or used to fuel metamorphosis. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- FISCHER, K., O'BRIEN, D. M., & BOGGS, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- FISCHER, K.
- Venue
- Functional Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-09-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 656-663
- ISSN
- 0269-8463 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2435
- OpenAlex
- W1978220663
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Functional Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Wellesley College
- Carnegie Institution of Washington
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Keywords
- Bicyclus anynana, frugivorous butterflies, reproductive investment, egg production, carbon isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, semistarvation, oviposition, isotope fractionation
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