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Cited by 355Family and Disability Support ResearchDown syndrome and intellectual disability researchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Preschool children with and without developmental delay: behaviour problems, parents’ optimism and well-being

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Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., Olsson, M. B.·2005·Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00691.x
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Children with intellectual disability are at heightened risk for behaviour problems, and these are known to increase parenting stress. This study explored the relation of behaviour problems to less child-related domains of parent well-being (depression and marital adjustment), as well as the moderating effect of a personality trait, dispositional optimism. METHOD: Participating children (N = 214) were classified as developmentally delayed, borderline, or nondelayed. Mothers' and fathers' well-being and child behaviour problems were assessed at child ages 3 and 4 years. RESULTS: Parents of delayed and nondelayed preschoolers generally did not differ on depression or marital adjustment, but child behaviour problems were strongly related to scores on both measures. Optimism moderated this relationship, primarily for mothers. When child behaviour problems were high, mothers who were less optimistic reported lower scores on measures of well-being than did mothers who were more optimistic. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions for parents that aim to enhance both parenting skills and psychological well-being should be available in preschool. It may be beneficial for such programmes to focus not only on behaviour management strategies aimed at child behaviour change, but also on parents' belief systems, with the aim of increasing dispositional optimism.

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  • Research has identified challenging behaviour as the best predictor of parental stress.

    “Research has identified CB as the best predictor of parental stress (5, 9–11).”

    From ProVIA-Kids - outcomes of an uncontrolled study on smartphone-based behaviour analysis for challenging behaviour in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities or autism spectrum disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Discussion reports that maladaptive behaviour was the best predictor of family stress in a study of children aged 3–10 within two disability groups. The Parents’ well-being section also says behaviour problems related to parenting stress more than disability type did. These passages support the importance of challenging behaviour, but not the unqualified claim that it is the best predictor of parental stress generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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  • Challenging behaviour poses a significant obstacle to independence, learning, community integration, socialization, and public perception for individuals with mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder or intellectual and developmental disabilities, thus placing a substantial strain on the individuals themselves and on their caregivers.

    “CB poses a significant obstacle to independence, learning, community integration, socialization, and public perception for individuals with mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), thus placing a substantial strain on the individuals themselves and on their caregivers (5, 6).”

    From ProVIA-Kids - outcomes of an uncontrolled study on smartphone-based behaviour analysis for challenging behaviour in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities or autism spectrum disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [5]

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Aspinwall L. G. & Brunhart S. M. () What I do know won't hurt me: optimism, attention to negative informa- tion, coping, and health. In: The Science of Optimism and Hope: Research Essays in Honor of Martin E.P. Seligman (ed. J. E. Gillham), pp. -. Templeton Foundation Press, Philadelphia, PA.
  2. Baker B. L., Blacher J., Crnic K. A. & Edelbrock C. () Behavior problems and parenting stress in families of three-year-old children with and without developmental delays. American Journal on Mental Retardation , - .
  3. Baker B. L., McIntyre L. L., Blacher J., Crnic K. A., Edel- brock C. & Low C. () Preschool children with and without developmental delay: behavior problems and parenting stress over time. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , -.
  4. Paul H. Brookes, Baltimore, MD. ©  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , -
  5. Dyson L. L. () Fathers and mothers of school-age children with developmental disabilities: parental stress, family functioning, and social support. American Journal on Mental Retardation , -.
  6. Nezu C. M., Nezu A. M. & Gill-Weiss M. J. () Psycho- pathology in Persons with Mental Retardation. Research Press, Champaign, IL.
  7. Peterson C. () Optimistic explanatory style and health. In: The Science of Optimism and Hope: Research Essays in Honor of Martin E.P. Seligman (ed. J. E. Gillham), pp. -. Templeton Foundation Press, Philadelphia, PA.
  8. ©  Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , -

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Authors
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Olsson, M. B.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of California, Riverside (US)
  • University of Gothenburg (SE)
Corresponding author
Baker, B. L.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-06-30
Volume
49
Issue
8
Pages
575-590
ISSN
  • 0964-2633 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2788
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00691.x
OpenAlex
W2002566744
Cited by
355
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 31
FWCI
14.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Intellectual Disability Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD34879-1459, R01HD034879)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
developmental delay, intellectual disability, preschool children, child behavior problems, parental optimism, dispositional optimism, parental depression, marital adjustment, parental stress, moderating effect, early intervention
MeSH terms
Affect, Attitude, Child Behavior Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Observer Variation

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