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Identification of high levels of phytochelatins, glutathione and cadmium in the phloem sap of Brassica napus. A role for thiol‐peptides in the long‐distance transport of cadmium and the effect of cadmium on iron translocation

Open access
Mendoza‐Cózatl, David G., Butko, Emerald, Springer, Franziska, Torpey, Justin W., Komives, Elizabeth A., Kehr, Julia, Schroeder, Julian I.·2008·The Plant Journal

Abstract

Summary: Phytochelatins (PCs) are glutathione‐derived peptides that function in heavy metal detoxification in plants and certain fungi. Recent research in Arabidopsis has shown that PCs undergo long‐distance transport between roots and shoots. However, it remains unknown which tissues or vascular systems, xylem or phloem, mediate PC translocation and whether PC transport contributes to physiologically relevant long‐distance transport of cadmium (Cd) between shoots and roots. To address these questions, xylem and phloem sap were obtained from Brassica napus to quantitatively analyze which thiol species are present in response to Cd exposure. High levels of PCs were identified in the phloem sap within 24 h of Cd exposure using combined mass spectrometry and fluorescence HPLC analyses. Unexpectedly, the concentration of Cd was more than four‐fold higher in phloem sap compared to xylem sap. Cadmium exposure dramatically decreased iron levels in xylem and phloem sap whereas other essential heavy metals such as zinc and manganese remained unchanged. Data suggest that Cd inhibits vascular loading of iron but not nicotianamine. The high ratios [PCs]/[Cd] and [glutathione]/[Cd] in the phloem sap suggest that PCs and glutathione (GSH) can function as long‐distance carriers of Cd. In contrast, only traces of PCs were detected in xylem sap. Our results suggest that, in addition to directional xylem Cd transport, the phloem is a major vascular system for long‐distance source to sink transport of Cd as PC–Cd and glutathione–Cd complexes.

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Metadata

Authors
Mendoza‐Cózatl, D. G., Butko, E., Springer, F., Torpey, J. W., Komives, E. A., Kehr, J., & Schroeder, J. I.
Venue
The Plant Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-01-16
Volume
54
Issue
2
Pages
249-259
ISSN
  • 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-313X
OpenAlex
W2043571322
Cited by
343
References
3
FWCI
17.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Identification of high levels of phytochelatins, glutathione and cadmium in the phloem sap of Brassica napus. A role for thiol‐peptides in the long‐distance transport of cadmium and the effect of cadmium on iron translocation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03410.x
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Mendoza‐Cózatl, D. G., Butko, E., Springer, F., Torpey, J. W., Komives, E. A., Kehr, J., & Schroeder, J. I. (2008). Identification of high levels of phytochelatins, glutathione and cadmium in the phloem sap of Brassica napus. A role for thiol‐peptides in the long‐distance transport of cadmium and the effect of cadmium on iron translocation. The Plant Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03410.x

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