AtPCS1, a phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis : Isolation and in vitro reconstitution

Vatamaniuk, Olena K.; Mari, Stéphane; Lu, Yu-Ping; Rea, Philip A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.7110

Cited by 410Plant Stress Responses and ToleranceHeavy metals in environmentHeavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity

AtPCS1, a phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis : Isolation and in vitro reconstitution

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Vatamaniuk, Olena K., Mari, Stéphane, Lu, Yu-Ping, Rea, Philip A.·1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.12.7110PMC PMC22073

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Abstract

Phytochelatins, a class of posttranslationally synthesized peptides, play a pivotal role in heavy metal, primarily Cd2+, tolerance in plants and fungi by chelating these substances and decreasing their free concentrations. Derived from glutathione and related thiols by the action of gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidases (phytochelatin synthases; EC 2.3.2.15), phytochelatins consist of repeating units of gamma-glutamylcysteine followed by a C-terminal Gly, Ser, or beta-Ala residue [poly-(gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Xaa]. Here we report the suppression cloning of a cDNA (AtPCS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a 55-kDa soluble protein that enhances heavy-metal tolerance and elicits Cd2+-activated phytochelatin accumulation when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the basis of these properties and the sufficiency of immunoaffinity-purified epitope-tagged AtPCS1 polypeptide for high rates of Cd2+-activated phytochelatin synthesis from glutathione in vitro, AtPCS1 is concluded to encode the enzyme phytochelatin synthase.

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Each of these gene products is not only necessary but also sufficient for the elaboration of PCs.
“each of these gene products is not only necessary but also sufficient for the elaboration of PCs.”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
The Results report that AtPCS1-FLAG was sufficient for Cd2+-dependent PC synthesis from GSH in vitro, and that its expression was necessary for detectable extractable PC synthase activity in the tested yeast cells. The Conclusions identify the other gene products as PC synthases only by implication; the paper does not establish that each is both necessary and sufficient for PC production. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Genes encoding PC synthase from Arabidopsis, S. pombe, and wheat, designated AtPCS1, SpPCS, and TaPCS1, respectively, encode 40-50% sequence-similar 50-55-kDa polypeptides active in the synthesis of PCs from GSH.
“Isolated from Arabidopsis,S. pombe, and wheat, these genes, designatedAtPCS1, SpPCS, and TaPCS1, respectively, encode 40–50% sequence-similar 50–55-kDa polypeptides active in the synthesis of PCs from GSH (11-13”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
The Results (Sequence Characteristics; page unavailable) identify Arabidopsis AtPCS1 as encoding a 55-kDa protein with 48% similarity to a hypothetical S. pombe protein. The Results (PC Biosynthesis; page unavailable) demonstrate PC synthesis from GSH by AtPCS1, while the Conclusions extend that activity to the S. pombe homolog only by implication. This paper does not identify SpPCS or TaPCS1, or establish the stated properties for the wheat protein. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
AtPCS1-FLAG was 30- to 50-fold immunopurified from the soluble fraction of pYES3-AtPCS1::FLAG-transformed S. cerevisiae strain DTY167 to yield a single anti-FLAG antibody-reactive, Mr = 58,000 polypeptide species.
“heterologously expressed AtPCS1-FLAG was 30- to 50-fold immunopurified from the soluble fraction of pYES3-AtPCS1::FLAG-transformed S. cerevisiae strain DTY167 to yield a single anti-FLAG antibody-reactive, M r = 58,000 polypeptide species”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]
The Results section (“Immunoaffinity Purification”; page unavailable) says AtPCS1-FLAG was purified from the soluble fraction of DTY167/pYES3-AtPCS1∷FLAG cells and yielded a single anti-FLAG-reactive Mr 58,000 species. Neither that passage nor the purification method gives the claimed 30- to 50-fold purification figure. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Heterologous expression of AtPCS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers increased heavy metal tolerance and elicits Cd2+-dependent intracellular PC accumulation.
“heterologous expression ofAtPCS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism that lacks PCS homologs and does not otherwise synthesize appreciable amounts of PCs, confers increased heavy metal tolerance and elicits Cd2+-dependent intracellular PC accumulation (13”
From Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors: Vatamaniuk, O. K., Mari, S., Lu, Y.-P., & Rea, P. A.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Vatamaniuk, Olena K.
Mari, Stéphane
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1999-06-08
Volume: 96
Issue: 12
Pages: 7110-7115
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.12.7110
PMC: PMC22073
OpenAlex: W2096818569
Cited by: 410
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 29.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Keywords: phytochelatin synthase, phytochelatins, cadmium tolerance, heavy metal tolerance, glutathione, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression, metal chelation
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sequence Alignment, Arabidopsis, Aminoacyltransferases

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AtPCS1, a phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis : Isolation and in vitro reconstitution

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