The relationship between religious involvement and clinical status of patients with bipolar disorder
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Cruz M, Pincus HA, Welsh DE, Greenwald D, Lasky E, Kilbourne AM. The relationship between religious involvement and clinical status of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 68–76. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective: Religion and spirituality are important coping strategies in depression but have been rarely studied within the context of bipolar disorder. The present study assessed the association between different forms of religious involvement and the clinical status of individuals treated for bipolar disorder. Methods: A cross‐sectional observation study of follow‐up data from a large cohort study of patients receiving care for bipolar disorder (n = 334) at an urban Veterans Affairs mental health clinic was conducted. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between public (frequency of church attendance), private (frequency of prayer/meditation), as well as subjective forms (influence of beliefs on life) of religious involvement and mixed, manic, depressed, and euthymic states when demographic, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and health indicators were controlled. Results: Multivariate analyses found significant associations between higher rates of prayer/meditation and participants in a mixed state [odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.52, chi square = 9.42, df = 14, p < 0.05], as well as lower rates of prayer/meditation and participants who were euthymic (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72–0.99, chi square = 4.60, df = 14, p < 0.05). Depression and mania were not associated with religious involvement. Conclusions: Compared to patients with bipolar disorder in depressed, manic, or euthymic states, patients in mixed states have more active private religious lives. Providers should assess the religious activities of individuals with bipolar disorder in mixed states and how they may complement/deter ongoing treatment. Future longitudinal studies linking bipolar states, religious activities, and treatment‐seeking behaviors are needed.
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The two studies finding inverse relationships between R/S and psychosis were both prospective studies and found that R/S predicted better outcomes in subjects with psychotic disorders or symptoms.
“the two studies finding inverse relationships between R/S and psychosis were both prospective studies [191–193], finding that R/S predicted better outcomes in subjects with psychotic disorders or symptoms”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [193]
The Discussion explicitly calls this a cross-sectional study and says it could not assess changes in clinical status over time, contrary to the claim that it was prospective and found predictive outcomes. It also says participants with psychotic symptoms were excluded, so the study did not establish better outcomes in people with psychosis. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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“The first study of 334 US veterans with BP disorder found that a higher frequency of prayer or meditation was associated with mixed states and a lower likelihood of euthymia, although no association was found between any religious variable and depression or mania [197].”
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- Authors
- Cruz, M., Pincus, H. A., Welsh, D. E., Greenwald, D., Lasky, E., & Kilbourne, A. M.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (US)
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cruz, Mario
- ORCID
- Kilbourne, Amy M
- Venue
- Bipolar Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-01-24
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-76
- ISSN
- 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-5618
- PMC
- PMC2853940
- OpenAlex
- W2093593127
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pittsburgh (UL1RR024153, RR024153)
- National Institutes of Health (RR024153)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (5 U18 HS016097, U18HS016097, RR024153)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-071944, P30MH071944, K23MH071520)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-024153, UL1RR024153)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, religious involvement, spirituality, prayer and meditation, church attendance, mixed states, manic state, depressive state, euthymic state, coping strategies, veterans
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Religion, Religion and Medicine, Retrospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
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