Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review
Abstract
Religion/spirituality has been increasingly examined in medical research during the past two decades. Despite the increasing number of published studies, a systematic evidence-based review of the available data in the field of psychiatry has not been done during the last 20 years. The literature was searched using PubMed (1990-2010). We examined original research on religion, religiosity, spirituality, and related terms published in the top 25 % of psychiatry and neurology journals according to the ISI journals citation index 2010. Most studies focused on religion or religiosity and only 7 % involved interventions. Among the 43 publications that met these criteria, thirty-one (72.1 %) found a relationship between level of religious/spiritual involvement and less mental disorder (positive), eight (18.6 %) found mixed results (positive and negative), and two (4.7 %) reported more mental disorder (negative). All studies on dementia, suicide, and stress-related disorders found a positive association, as well as 79 and 67 % of the papers on depression and substance abuse, respectively. In contrast, findings from the few studies in schizophrenia were mixed, and in bipolar disorder, indicated no association or a negative one. There is good evidence that religious involvement is correlated with better mental health in the areas of depression, substance abuse, and suicide; some evidence in stress-related disorders and dementia; insufficient evidence in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and no data in many other mental disorders.
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Religious involvement is correlated with better mental health in the areas of depression, substance abuse, and suicide.
“religious involvement is correlated with better mental health in the areas of depression, substance abuse, and suicide [59].”
Studies have repeatedly established positive links between spirituality, religion and health.
“Studies have repeatedly established positive links between spirituality, religion and health.”
R/S is associated with improved well-being, feelings of meaning and peace, and reductions in suicide rates, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.
“Overall, research in the mental health area indicates that R/S is associated with improved well-being, feelings of meaning and peace,3 and reductions in suicide rates, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.4,5”
From How psychiatrists think about religious and spiritual beliefs in clinical practice: findings from a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
Religion/spirituality has been associated with lower rates of suicide, depression, anxiety, and substance misuse, better recovery in cases of depression, and greater overall well-being.
“Religion/spirituality has been associated, for example, with lower rates of suicide, depression, anxiety, and substance misuse, better recovery in cases of depression and greater overall well-being.1–4”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
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Spirituality and mental health status among Northern Plain tribes
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The efficacy of religious service attendance in reducing depressive symptoms
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Brazilian scientific articles on “Spirituality, Religion and Health”
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Spiritual health mediates the relationship between ego-strength and adjustment to heart disease
Beshārat, M. A., Ramesh, S., & Moghimi, E. (2018) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102918782176 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Association Between Spiritual Well-Being and Resilience Among Turkish Hemodialysis Patients
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Doolittle, B. R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-020-09724-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Schmuck, J., Hiebel, N., Kriegsmann-Rabe, M., Schneider, J. N., Erim, Y., Morawa, E., Jerg‐Bretzke, L., Beschoner, P., Albus, C., Hannemann, J., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255211 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Religiosity and Impulsivity in Mental Health
Caribé, A. C., Rocha, M. F. V., Júnior, D. F. M., Studart, P., Quarantini, L. C., Guerreiro, N. F. C., & Miranda‐Scippa, Â. (2015) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000316 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A systematic review of religion/spirituality and sport: A psychological perspective
Noh, Y., & Shahdan, S. (2019) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101603 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Saud, M., Ashfaq, A., Abbas, A., Ariadi, S., & Mahmood, Q. K. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01327-1 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Gonçalves, J. P. D. B., & Vallada, H. (2013) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9785-z · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Religiousness and spirituality in patients with bipolar disorder
Fazio, P. D., Gaetano, R., Caroleo, M., Cerminara, G., Giannini, F., Jaén‐Moreno, M. J., Díaz, M. J. M., León, A. M., & Segura‐Garcìa, C. (2014) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.3109/13651501.2014.1000929 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of Belief into Action Scale among University Students in China
Wang, Z., Ma, H., Rong, Y., & Koenig, H. G. (2016) · International Journal of Social Science Studies · doi:10.11114/ijsss.v4i3.1363 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
de Rezende-Pinto, A., Moreira‐Almeida, A., Ribeiro, M., Laranjeira, R., & Vallada, H. (2018) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.25 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Giovannetti, C., Garcia Arce, S., Rush, B., & Mendive, F. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1789247 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Caldeira, S., Timmins, F., de Carvalho, E. C., & Vieira, M. M. D. S. (2017) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0390-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Maraldi, E. D. O. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0639-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Perceived barriers to providing spiritual care among psychiatric mental health nurses
Neathery, M., Taylor, E. J., & He, Z. (2020) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The effect of religiosity on the relationship between BMI and body image among Iranian women.
Sharif, S. P., Ahadzadeh, A. S., & Ong, F. S. (2018) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/rel0000193 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Christianity and Schizophrenia Redux: An Empirical Study
Kéri, S., & Kelemen, O. (2016) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0227-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Huang, J.-X., Xu, Y., & Zhong, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00414 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Spirituality, Religious Attendance and Health Complaints in Czech Adolescents
Žídková, R., Glogar, P., Šolcová, I. P., van Dijk, J. P., Kalman, M., Tavel, P., & Maliňáková, K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072339 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Qureshi, N. A., Khalil, A., & Alsanad, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0677-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Lefevor, G. T., Sorrell, S. A., Kappers, G., Plunk, A., Schow, R. L., Rosik, C. H., & Beckstead, A. L. (2019) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2018.1564006 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Religion and Risky Health Behaviors among U.S. Adolescents and Adults
Fletcher, J. M., & Kumar, S. (2013) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w19225 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
van der Steen, J. T., Gijsberts, M.-J. H. E., Hertogh, C. M. P. M., & Deliëns, L. (2014) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/1472-684x-13-61 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Religiosity and Adolescent Major Depressive Episodes Among 12–17-Year-Olds
King, K. A., Topalian, A. G., & Vidourek, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00766-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Spirituality, depression and quality of life in medical students in KwaZulu-Natal
Pillay, N. L., Ramlall, S., & Burns, J. K. (2016) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v22i1.731 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health and Quality of Life of Early Pregnant Women
Panconi, C. R., Almeida, V. D. C., Ezequiel, O. D. S., Fajardo, E. F. D. M., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Lucchetti, G. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-020-01124-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Delmonte, R., Lucchetti, G., Moreira-Almeida, A., & Farias, M. (2016) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2015.1103351 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Serinolli, M. I., & Novaretti, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Kos, L., Šagud, M., Mihaljević-Peleš, A., Kutleša, M., Kovač, T., & Trkulja, V. (2019) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Spirituality, Religiosity and Addiction Recovery: Current Perspectives
Beraldo, L., Gil, F., Ventriglio, A., de Andrade, A. G., da Silva, A. G., Torales, J., Gonçalves, P. D., Bhugra, D., & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2019) · Current Drug Research Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473711666180612075954 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Depressed Affect and Dimensions of Religiosity in Family Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia
Winter, L., Moriarty, H., Atte, F., & Gitlin, L. N. (2015) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0033-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
McCann, E., Donohue, G., & Timmins, F. (2020) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-020-00989-7 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Spiritual Meaning in Life and Values in Patients With Severe Mental Disorders
Huguelet, P., Mohr, S., Olié, É., Vidal, S. I., Hasler, R., Prada, P., Bancila, M., Courtet, P., Guillaume, S., & Perroud, N. A. (2016) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000495 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Implications of religious and spiritual practices for youth at clinical high risk for psychosis
Severaid, K. B., Osborne, K. J., & Mittal, V. A. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.033 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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German Psychiatrists’ Observation and Interpretation of Religiosity/Spirituality
Lee, E., & Baumann, K. (2013) · Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/280168 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Along with the growing body of research, there is an increase in international interest and discussions about the integration of ReS into therapeutic settings [19–21].”
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Effects of Religion and Faith on Mental Health
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Religion and Life Satisfaction: A Correlational Study of Undergraduate Students in Trinidad
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Mental Health, Religion, and Spirituality
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Religiosity and substance use in U.S. adults: Findings from a large-scale national survey
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Psychotic experiences and religiosity: data from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
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Associations Between Religious/Spiritual Practices and Well-Being in Indian Elderly Rural Women
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Dementia and Caregiver Stress: An Application of the Reconceptualized Uncertainty in Illness Theory
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Beyond Four Forces: The Evolution of Psychotherapy
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Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Behaviors Among Pacific Youth in New Zealand
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- Authors
- Bonelli, R. M., & Koenig, H. G.
- Affiliations
- Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien (AT)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Koenig, Harold G.
- ORCID
- Koenig, Harold G.
- Venue
- Journal of Religion and Health
- Published
- 2013-02-19
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 657-673
- ISSN
- 0022-4197 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6571
- OpenAlex
- W2035389447
- Cited by
- 516
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 40.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Religion and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Keywords
- religion, spirituality, religiosity, mental illness, mental health, depression, substance abuse, suicide, dementia, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, religious intervention
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Religion and Psychology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Spirituality
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