Cited by 262Schizophrenia research and treatmentBipolar Disorder and TreatmentTryptophan and brain disorders

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Autoimmune diseases, bipolar disorder, and non-affective psychosis

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Eaton, William W, Pedersen, Marianne G, Nielsen, Philip R, Mortensen, Preben Bo·2010·Bipolar Disorders

DOI 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00853.xPMC PMC2950824

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Clinic-based studies of immune function, as well as comorbidity of autoimmune diseases, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, suggest a possible autoimmune etiology. Studies of non-affective psychosis and schizophrenia suggest common etiologies. The objective was to determine the degree to which 30 different autoimmune diseases are antecedent risk factors for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-affective psychosis. METHODS: A cohort of 3.57 million births in Denmark was linked to the Psychiatric Case Register and the National Hospital Register. There were 20,317 cases of schizophrenia, 39,076 cases of non-affective psychosis, and 9,920 cases of bipolar disorder. RESULTS: As in prior studies, there was a range of autoimmune diseases which predicted raised risk of schizophrenia in individuals who had a history of autoimmune diseases, and also raised risk in persons whose first-degree relatives had an onset of autoimmune disease prior to onset of schizophrenia in the case. These relationships also existed for the broader category of non-affective psychosis. Only pernicious anemia in the family was associated with raised risk for bipolar disorder (relative risk: 1.7), suggesting a small role for genetic linkage. A history of Guillain-Barré syndrome, Crohn's disease, and autoimmune hepatitis in the individual was associated with raised risk of bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The familial relationship of schizophrenia to a range of autoimmune diseases extends to non-affective psychosis, but not to bipolar disorder. The data suggest that autoimmune processes precede onset of schizophrenia, but also non-affective psychosis and bipolar disorder.

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Authors: Eaton, W. W., Pedersen, M. G., Nielsen, P. R., & Mortensen, P. B.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author: Eaton, William W
ORCID: Eaton, William W
Nielsen, Philip R
Mortensen, Preben Bo
Venue: Bipolar Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 12
Issue: 6
Pages: 638-646
ISSN: 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
1399-5618
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00853.x
PMC: PMC2950824
OpenAlex: W2123441818
Cited by: 262
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 10.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 26 d)
Locations: Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Stanley Medical Research Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 53188, R01MH053188)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, non-affective psychosis, schizophrenia, autoimmune etiology, pernicious anemia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Crohn's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, familial risk, genetic linkage, risk factors
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Autoimmune Diseases, Bipolar Disorder, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotic Disorders, Registries, Cohort Studies, Young Adult

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