Autoimmune Diseases and Psychotic Disorders
Open accessAbstract
The notion of immunological pathways playing a role in the etiology of a subset of psychotic disorders has received increased interest in the last decades. One of the findings that has spiked interest herein, is an apparent link between autoimmune diseases and psychotic disorders. This is supported by genetic findings associating immune-related genetic markers with schizophrenia and clinical studies finding increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with psychosis. Several large-scale epidemiologic studies have found positive associations between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Particularly, autoimmune diseases as multiple sclerosis and lupus are known to have higher frequencies of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, compared to healthy controls. Cross sectional studies have found higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among those with autoimmune diseases, and longitudinal studies have shown bidirectional associations between several autoimmune diseases and increased risks associated with schizophrenia. Moreover, a family history of autoimmune diseases has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders and vice versa. In this review we will summarize the epidemiologic evidence on associations between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Possible mechanisms accountable for the association will be discussed, amongst others the probable role of shared genetic risk factors, the impact of infections on both autoimmunity and the development of psychotic disorders, and the potential role of the microbiome. We discuss the findings on and influence of autoantibodies and dysregulation of T- and B-cells in both disease categories, and why further research hereon is needed. In addition to the potential importance of autoimmunity in etiological mechanisms of psychotic disorders, the association also brings important attention to somatic comorbidity in patients with psychotic disorders.
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Neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairment are often prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune disorders.
“Neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairment, are often prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune disorders”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Jeppesen and Benros, 2019
The Epidemiological Associations > Lupus section reports depression, anxiety, and psychosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, supporting part of the autoimmune-disorders claim. The passages do not support the claim about chronic kidney disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or establish cognitive impairment as prevalent across the listed patient groups; searches for those conditions and cognitive impairment found no such evidence in our copy. Page numbers are unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Jeppesen, R., & Benros, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Benros, Michael Eriksen
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-03-20
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 131-131
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6435494
- OpenAlex
- W2924236163
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden
- Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- autoimmune disease, psychosis, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, lupus, neuropsychiatric symptoms, inflammatory markers, genetic risk factors, infection, microbiome, autoantibodies, T cell dysregulation, B cell dysregulation, family history (medicine), somatic comorbidity, etiology of psychosis
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