Help-Seeking by Rural Residents for Mental Health Problems: The Importance of Agrarian Values

“Current symptomatology was measured using the following scales: the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) [22], the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [23] and the state component of the State-Trait Anxiety Scale [24].”

“The Behavioural Model of Health Services Utilization [1,2] proposes that people’s use of health services is a function of their predisposition to use services, factors which enable or impede use, and their need for services [2].”

“The ‘agrarian values’ described above are regarded by many as descriptors of ‘maleness’ [20], perhaps accentuated in rural men.”

“The Behavioural Model of Health Services Utilization [1,2] proposes that people’s use of health services is a function of their predisposition to use services, factors which enable or impede use, and their need for services [2].”

“Self-recognition of mental health problems and the decision to seek treatment have been shown to be influenced by age, gender, marital status, level of education [3,6,7] and a variety of attitudinal factors such as perceived helpfulness of service providers [8,9], perceived stigma associated with mental illness [8–10]…”

“The PSS is based on the Devaluation and Discrimination Scale [28], a 12-item scale designed to assess beliefs that most people will devalue or discriminate against people with a mental illness.”

“Alternatively, they may simply be reticent to admit that they have an illness or that they need treatment [10].”

“Self-recognition of mental health problems and the decision to seek treatment have been shown to be influenced by age, gender, marital status, level of education [3,6,7] and a variety of attitudinal factors such as perceived helpfulness of service providers [8,9], perceived stigma associated with mental illness [8–10]…”

“Lower rates of help-seeking have been documented for rural compared with urban-dwelling men with mental disorders [18], and rates of suicide are substantially greater in rural compared with that in urban men [19].”

“Self-recognition of mental health problems and the decision to seek treatment have been shown to be influenced by age, gender, marital status, level of education [3,6,7] and a variety of attitudinal factors such as perceived helpfulness of service providers [8,9], perceived stigma associated with mental illness [8–10]…”

“Self-recognition of mental health problems and the decision to seek treatment have been shown to be influenced by age, gender, marital status, level of education [3,6,7] and a variety of attitudinal factors such as perceived helpfulness of service providers [8,9], perceived stigma associated with mental illness [8–10]…”

“This is likely to particularly be a problem in small rural towns where social networks are often closely enmeshed and privacy is lacking [17].”

“Although data are limited, it has been suggested that rural residents are stoic and self-reliant [13], believe that they should cope with their problems and suffer in silence [14], define health as the ability to work or be productive in one’s role [15], rely more on family and friends than on health professionals [16…”

“Although data are limited, it has been suggested that rural residents are stoic and self-reliant [13], believe that they should cope with their problems and suffer in silence [14], define health as the ability to work or be productive in one’s role [15], rely more on family and friends than on health professionals [16…”

“Although data are limited, it has been suggested that rural residents are stoic and self-reliant [13], believe that they should cope with their problems and suffer in silence [14], define health as the ability to work or be productive in one’s role [15], rely more on family and friends than on health professionals [16…”

“Self-recognition of mental health problems and the decision to seek treatment have been shown to be influenced by age, gender, marital status, level of education [3,6,7] and a variety of attitudinal factors such as perceived helpfulness of service providers [8,9], perceived stigma associated with mental illness [8–10]…”

“[31]).”

“An individual’s willingness to seek help for such problems is also likely to be influenced by their willingness to adopt the sick role [12], and their overall attitude towards help-seeking.”

“Rural residents receive less help from specialist providers than people living in urban areas [3], and it has been shown that the rate of psychological problems managed by general practitioners (GPs) per 1000 population is far lower for rural residents compared with that in metropolitan areas [4].”

“…al (2010)78 Vogt et al (2014)80 Jennings et al (2015)66 Total (I 2 = 81%, 95% CI 82–91, P= 0.001) Perceived public stigma Bambauer & Prigerson (2006)57 Judd et al (2006)68 Komiti et al (2006)70 Golberstein et al (2008)62 Golberstein et al (2009)63 Rusch et al (2008)76 Eisenberg et al (2009)33…”

“In addition, existing face-to-face services pose significant barriers for young people [10-16] largely due to access, availability, and high costs of these services [17], as well as the reluctance of young people to seek professional help due to stigma and embarrassment [18-20].”