“Mental health literacy”: a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the public's recognition of mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of various treatments ("mental health literacy"). DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey, in 1995, with structured interviews using vignettes of a person with either depression or schizophrenia. PARTICIPANTS: A representative national sample of 2031 individuals aged 18-74 years; 1010 participants were questioned about the depression vignette and 1021 about the schizophrenia vignette. RESULTS: Most of the participants recognised the presence of some sort of mental disorder: 72% for the depression vignette (correctly labelled as depression by 39%) and 84% for the schizophrenia vignette (correctly labelled by 27%). When various people were rated as likely to be helpful or harmful for the person described in the vignette for depression, general practitioners (83%) and counsellors (74%) were most often rated as helpful, with psychiatrists (51%) and psychologists (49%) less so. Corresponding data for the schizophrenia vignette were: counsellors (81%), GPs (74%), psychiatrists (71%) and psychologists (62%). Many standard psychiatric treatments (antidepressants, antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy, admission to a psychiatric ward) were more often rated as harmful than helpful, and some nonstandard treatments were rated highly (increased physical or social activity, relaxation and stress management, reading about people with similar problems). Vitamins and special diets were more often rated as helpful than were antidepressants and antipsychotics. CONCLUSION: If mental disorders are to be recognised early in the community and appropriate intervention sought, the level of mental health literacy needs to be raised. Further, public understanding of psychiatric treatments can be considerably improved.
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Web-based interventions have been shown to increase the ability to recognize, accept, deal with, and help prevent mental health issues.
“increase mental health literacy [13] and the ability to recognize, accept, deal with, and help prevent mental health issues [14]”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
Improvements in mental health literacy are likely to assist young people in recognition and management of mental health and may also reduce the self-stigma associated with mental illness [84].
“Improvements in mental health literacy are likely to assist young people in recognition and management of mental health and may also reduce the self-stigma associated with mental illness [84].”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [84]
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Jorm, A. F. (2015) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2015.1037423 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationCoppens, E., Audenhove, C. V., Scheerder, G., Arensman, E., Coffey, C., Costa, S., Koburger, N., Gottlebe, K., Gusmão, R. M., O’Connor, R. C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.013 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors among male college students
Rafal, G., Gatto, A., & DeBate, R. D. (2018) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1434780 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Picco, L., Abdin, E., Chong, S. A., Pang, S., Shafie, S., Chua, B. Y., Vaingankar, J. A., Ong, L. P., Tay, J., & Subramaniam, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00547 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Recognition of depression and psychosis by young Australians and their beliefs about treatment
Wright, A., Harris, M., Jorm, A. F., Cotton, S., Harrigan, S., McGorry, P., Wiggers, J., & Hurworth, R. (2005) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06881.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationDementia literacy: Recognition and beliefs on dementia of the Australian public
Low, L., & Anstey, K. J. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.03.011 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Promoting Mental Health Literacy Among Educators
Whitley, J., Smith, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2013) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573512468852 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Help-Seeking by Rural Residents for Mental Health Problems: The Importance of Agrarian Values
Judd, F., Jackson, H., Komiti, A., Murray, G., Fraser, C., Grieve, A., & Gomez, R. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2006.01882.x · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Positive mental health literacy: development and validation of a measure among Norwegian adolescents
Bjørnsen, H. N., Eilertsen, M., Ringdal, R., Espnes, G., & Moksnes, U. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4733-6 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H. M., & Griffiths, K. M. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2006.01739.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Rodgers, B., & Pollitt, P.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jorm, Anthony F
- Venue
- Medical Journal of Australia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 182-186
- ISSN
- 0025-729X (ISSN-L)
- 1326-5377
- OpenAlex
- W1206579674
- Cited by
- 2,585
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 197 · 2025: 220 · 2024: 223 · 2023: 235 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 152 · 2019: 130 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 29.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Medical Journal of Australia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- mental health literacy, depression, schizophrenia, treatment effectiveness, help-seeking, general practitioners, counselors, psychiatrists, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, community mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude to Health, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Treatment Outcome
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