CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 56Parasites and Host InteractionsParasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentHelminth infection and control

Filarial nematode secreted product ES-62 is an anti-inflammatory agent: Therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and ES-62 peptide mimetics

Harnett, William, Harnett, Margaret M·2006·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04400.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

1. The 'hygiene hypothesis' postulates that the recent increased incidence of allergic or autoimmune diseases (e.g. asthma, type I diabetes) in the West reflects an absence of appropriate priming of the immune response by infectious agents, such as parasitic worms, during childhood. 2. Consistent with this, it has long been recognized that several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a T helper (Th) 1-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, exhibit reduced incidence and severity in geographical regions with high parasite load, suggesting that environmental factors may subtly alter disease progression. 3. Infection with worms also appears to suppress Th2-biased inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, because there also appears to be an inverse correlation between parasite load and atopy. This is perhaps more surprising, given that helminths often induce strong Th2-type immune responses characterized by release of specific cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. 4. Therefore, these findings suggest that the co-evolution of helminths with hosts, which has resulted in the ability of worms to modulate inflammatory responses in order to promote parasite survival, may also have generated a predisposition for the host to develop autoimmunity and allergy in the absence of infection. 5. The mechanisms underlying such immunomodulation are not clear, but appear to involve the release of parasite-derived molecules that allow the worms to modulate or evade the host immune response by a number of mechanisms, including skewing of cytokine responses and the induction of T regulatory cells. 6. In the present review we discuss the properties of one such filarial nematode-derived immunomodulatory molecule, namely ES-62, its anti-inflammatory action and the therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and peptides that mimic its action.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04400.x

Cites

93 of 93 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Host-parasite interaction relies on the expressed cytokine profile which is modulated by the parasite itself.

    “Host–parasite interaction relies on the expressed cytokine profile which is modulated by the parasite itself [15,16,17].”

    From Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response (2022) · cites this paper as [15]

  • Filarial parasites produce and secrete immunomodulatory molecules, such as ES-62, that interfere with the natural immune response by suppressing inflammation and countering disease pathology.

    “It is admitted that filarial parasites produce and secrete a range of immunomodulatory molecules, such as the ES-62, that interfere directly with the natural immune response by suppressing the inflammatory phenomenon and countering the pathology associated with the disease [15].”

    From Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response (2022) · cites this paper as [15]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Harnett, W., & Harnett, M. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Strathclyde (GB)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
ORCID
Harnett, William
Venue
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-05
Volume
33
Issue
5-6
Pages
511-518
ISSN
  • 0305-1870 (ISSN-L)
  • 1440-1681
DOI
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04400.x
OpenAlex
W2109540622
Cited by
56
References
93
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 11 d)
Locations
  • Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • World Health Organization
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Medical Research Council
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
Keywords
ES-62, filarial nematodes, anti-inflammatory agents, immunomodulation, hygiene hypothesis, autoimmune disease, allergic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, Th1/Th2 cytokines, peptidomimetics, helminthiasis, regulatory T cells
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, B-Lymphocytes, Dendritic Cells, Filarioidea, Humans, Macrophages, Phosphorylcholine, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell, Signal Transduction, Helminth Proteins, Molecular Mimicry, Toll-Like Receptors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review