Midbrain muscarinic receptor mechanisms underlying regulation of mesoaccumbens and nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission in the rat
Abstract
Laterodorsal (LDT) and pedunculopontine (PPT) tegmental nuclei in the mesopontine project cholinergic inputs to the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), respectively, to directly and indirectly influence the activity of dopamine neuronal cells via actions on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The present study investigated the role of midbrain muscarinic receptors in the functional modulation of VTA and SNc dopamine cell activity as reflected by alterations in, respectively, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striataldopamine efflux. In vivo chronoamperometry was used to measure changes in basal dopamine efflux via stearate–graphite paste electrodes implanted unilaterally in the NAc or striatum of urethane‐anaesthetized rats, following blockade or activation of, respectively, VTA or SNc muscarinic receptors. Intra‐VTA or ‐SNc infusion of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (200 µg/µL) reduced, respectively, NAc and striatal dopamine efflux while infusion of the muscarinic and nicotinic agonist carbachol (0.5 µg/µL) or the prototypical muscarinic agonist muscarine (0.5 µg/µL) increased NAc and striatal dopamine efflux. Transient decreases in dopamine efflux preceded these increases selectively in the striatum, suggesting a reduction in excitatory or increase in inhibitory drive to the SNc by preferential activation of M3 muscarinic receptors on GABA interneurons and glutamatergic inputs. This was confirmed by showing that selective blockade of M3 receptors with p‐F‐HHSiD (0.5 µg/µL) increased striatal, but not NAc, dopamine efflux. Together, these findings suggest that midbrain muscarinic receptors, probably M5 subtypes on VTA and SNc dopamine neurons, contribute to the tonic excitatory regulation of forebrain basal dopamine transmission whereas presynaptic M3 receptors serve to counter excessive excitation of nigral dopamine cell activity.
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Both muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors are present on VTA dopamine neurons, as well as on cholinergic and glutamatergic terminals regulating different aspects of dopamine release in output sites such as the striatum and NAc.
“Both muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors are present on VTA dopamine neurons, as well as on cholinergic and glutamatergic terminals regulating different aspects of dopamine release in output sites, such as the striatum and NAc [160–162].”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
Stimulation of nicotinic receptors and M5-type muscarinic receptors increases the tonic excitability of dopamine neurons.
“Stimulation of nAChR and M5-type mAChRs increases the tonic excitability of these DA neurons (Corrigall et al., 2002; Miller and Blaha, 2005; Yeomans and Baptista, 1997).”
From Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior (2012) · cites this paper as Miller and Blaha, 2005
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- Authors
- Miller, A. D., & Blaha, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- University of Memphis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blaha, Charles D.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1837-1846
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W1978171390
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- M3 muscarinic receptor, M5 muscarinic receptor, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, scopolamine, carbachol, muscarine, GABAergic interneurons, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbachol, Dopamine, Drug Interactions, Electrochemistry, Electrodes, Male, Synaptic Transmission, Nucleus Accumbens, Piperidines, Receptors, Muscarinic, Scopolamine, Substantia Nigra, Rats, Wistar, Ventral Tegmental Area, Cholinergic Agonists, Muscarinic Antagonists, Rats
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