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Cited by 127Sexual Differentiation and DisordersHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Organized for sex – steroid hormones and the developing hypothalamus

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Lenz, Kathryn M., McCarthy, Margaret M.·2010·European Journal of Neuroscience
DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07511.xPMC PMC5350613
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Abstract

Steroid hormones of gonadal origin act on the neonatal brain, particularly the hypothalamus, to produce sex differences that underlie copulatory behavior. Neuroanatomical sex differences include regional volume, cell number, connectivity, morphology, physiology, neurotransmitter phenotype and molecular signaling, all of which are determined by the action of steroid hormones, particularly by estradiol in males, and are established by diverse downstream effects. Sex differences in distinct hypothalamic regions can be organized by the same steroid hormone, but the direction of a sex difference is often specific to one region or cell type, illustrating the wide range of effects that steroid hormones have on the developing brain. Substantial progress has been made in elucidating the downstream mechanisms through which gonadal hormones sexually differentiate the brain, but gaps remain in establishing the precise relationship between changes in neuronal morphology and behavior. A complete understanding of sexual differentiation will require integrating the diverse mechanisms across multiple brain regions into a functional network that regulates behavioral output.

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Authors
Lenz, K. M., & McCarthy, M. M.
Affiliations
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-12
Volume
32
Issue
12
Pages
2096-2104
ISSN
  • 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-9568
DOI
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07511.x
PMC
PMC5350613
OpenAlex
W1849312848
Cited by
127
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 11 d)
Locations
  • European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH052716)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords
steroid hormones, hypothalamus, sexual differentiation of the brain, gonadal hormones, estradiol, mating behavior, sex differences, neonatal brain development, neuronal morphology, neurotransmitter phenotype
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Female, Hypothalamus, Male, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Sex Characteristics, Sex Differentiation, Gonadal Steroid Hormones

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