The Aromatase Knock-Out Mouse Provides New Evidence That Estradiol Is Required during Development in the Female for the Expression of Sociosexual Behaviors in Adulthood
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We used estrogen-deficient aromatase knock-out (ArKO) mice to determine whether estrogens contribute to the development of the brain and behavior in females. Female mice of three different genotypes [i.e., wild type (WT), heterozygous (HET), and homozygous (ArKO)] were ovariectomized in adulthood and subsequently tested for odor preferences (choice: intact male vs estrous female) in a Y-maze. When treated with testosterone, ArKO females spent significantly less time sniffing odors (both volatile and nonvolatile) from either male or female stimuli compared with WT and HET females. When given direct access to anesthetized stimulus animals or when given a choice between odor and visual cues from both stimulus animals, ArKO females continued to spend less time investigating the stimuli compared with WT and HET females. These defects in olfactory investigation of ArKO females were partially corrected with estradiol treatment in adulthood. Estradiol-treated ArKO females no longer differed from WT and HET females in the time spent investigating either nonvolatile odors or the anogenital region of anesthetized animals. However, ArKO females still investigated volatile odors and/or visual cues less than WT and HET females. Sexual receptivity was severely impaired in ArKO females after treatments with estradiol and progesterone that successfully induced receptivity in WT and HET females. Furthermore, ArKO females showed diminished levels of male sexual behaviors, whereas WT and HET females readily mounted an estrous female. Together, these findings demonstrate that estrogen is required for normal female development. The concept that the female brain develops in the absence of any hormonal stimulation should therefore be reconsidered.
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Masculinization of the male brain may in part be dependent on the effects of androgens on androgen receptors.
“masculinization of the male brain may in part be dependent on the effects of androgens on androgen receptors (Auger, Tetel, & McCarthy, 2000;Bakker, Honda, Harada, & Balthazart, 2002;Meaney & McEwen, 1986;Morris, Jordan, Dugger, & Breedlove, 2005).”
From Play fighting in androgen-insensitivetfm rats: Evidence that androgen receptors are necessary for the development of adult playful attack and defense (2006) · cites this paper as Bakker, Honda, Harada, & Balthazart, 2002
The introduction (page unavailable) says testicular testosterone causes masculinization of the brain, supporting the androgen component of the claim. But it says many masculinizing effects are mediated by estradiol produced from testosterone, and the discussion’s mention of androgen-receptor-mutant animals concerns defeminization, not androgen-receptor-mediated masculinization. The proposed receptor mechanism is therefore not supported by this copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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RETRACTED: Neurological effects of aromatase deficiency in the mouse
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- Authors
- Bakker, J., Honda, S.-I., Harada, N., & Balthazart, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Liège (BE)
- Fujita Health University (JP)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2002-10-15
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 9104-9112
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6757696
- OpenAlex
- W1904569017
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-50388, R01MH050388)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- estradiol, estrogen, sociosexual behavior, odor preference, sexual receptivity, estrous cycle, testosterone, estradiol treatment, progesterone, female sexual behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Aromatase, Choice Behavior, Cues, Estradiol, Female, Heterozygote, Homozygote, Male, Ovariectomy, Photic Stimulation, Progesterone, Reaction Time, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Smell, Social Behavior, Testosterone, Mice, Knockout, Gene Targeting, Mice
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